Old papers - Marek KosmulskiOld articles - Marek Kosmulski


				My old papers AN 89:65790 CA TI A note on the Percus-Yevick and hypernetted theoriesof adsorption:the second and third virial coefficients for a hard-sphere gas in contactwith a wall with a soft surface layer AU Sokolowski,Stefan; Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Chem., Maria Curie-Sklodowska Univ., Lublin, Pol. SO Phys. Lett. A (1978), 66A(3), 179-81 CODEN: PYLAAG; ISSN: 0375-9601 DT Journal LA English AB The 1st 3 virial coeffs. in the d. expansion of the adsorptionisotherm for hard spheres in contact with a wall with asoft surface layerare calcd. The results are compared with those for hardspheres in contactwith a hard wall. Potentials are discussed. AN 100:13259 CA TI Studies of isotope exchange kinetics at the electrolytesolution/solid interface AU Kosmulski, Marek; Jaroniec,Mieczyslaw;Szczypa, Jerzy CS Inst. Chem., Maria Curie-Sklodowska Univ., Lublin, 20-031, Pol. SO Mater.Chem. Phys. (1983), 9(4), 351-8 CODEN: MCHPDR DT Journal LA English AB Models of isotope exchange at the electrolytesoln./solid interfaceare discussed. These models distinguish between differentsteps of the exchange process of radioactive ions between the bulk soln.and the solid phase. Math.description of these models leads to a universalrelation describing the isotopeexchange process. Exptl. data for the systemsSrSO4-Sr2+ and Al2O3 contg.pptd. and adsorbed Fe4-Fe3+ in soln. are discussed. AN 100:74725 CA TI Isotope exchange kinetics at heterogeneous solidsurfaces (solid-liquid interfaces) AU Kosmulski, Marek; Jaroniec,Mieczyslaw CS Inst.Chem., MCS Univ., Lublin,PL-20031, Pol. SO Monatsh.Chem. (1984), 115(2), 147-54 CODEN: MOCMB7; ISSN: 0026-9247 DT Journal LA English AB A system of equations describing isotope exchangekinetics at heterogeneous solid surfaces (solid-liq. interfaces) is studiednumerically. The theor. kineticcurves, characterizing the isotope exchange,are calcd. for different discretedistributions of the isotope exchangerate const. AN 100:76068 CA TI Recent theories of the electric double layer AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Szczypa, Jerzy CS ZakladRadiochem. Chem. Koloid., Uniw.MCS, Lublin, Pol. SO Wiad.Chem.(1983), 37(1-2), 1-35 CODEN: WICHAP; ISSN: 0043-5104 DT Journal; General Review LA Polish AB A review with 61 refs. AN 101:137694 CA TI Studies of heterogeneous isotope exchange of cadmium(II)betweenthe solution and the surface layer formed on aluminium oxide andactivatedcarbon AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Dobrowolski, Ryszard; Jaroniec,Mieczyslaw; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Inst.Chem., MCS Univ., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO Mater.Chem. Phys. (1984), 11(2), 195-200 CODEN: MCHPDR DT Journal LA English AB The dependence of the isotope exchange kineticcurves on I.infin./I0 was studied (where I.infin. denotes equil. activityand I0 is the initial activityof the soln.). Exptl. kinetic curves ofisotope exchange of Cd(II) ions betweenbulk soln. and the surface layeron Al2O3 and activated carbon (charcoal)are compared with theor. calcns. AN 102:173198 CA TI Kinetics of isotope exchange of cadmium(II) betweenaqueous solution and surface layer formed on alumina AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Jaroniec, Mieczyslaw; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Inst.Chem., Maria Curie-SklodowskaUniv., Lublin , 20-031, Pol. SO Mater.Chem. Phys. (1985), 12(4), 331-8 CODEN: MCHPDR DT Journal LA English AB The dependence of the kinetics of isotope exchangeof Cd(II) between the aq. soln. and the surface layer formed on Al2O3 onthe concn. of Cd(II) and the inert electrolyte in the soln., accompanyinganions, soln. of pH, temp.,size of solid particles, and pore size distributionwas studied. A mechanismfor the isotope exchange is proposed. AN 102:173399 CA TI A generalized equation describing isotope exchangekinetics at solid-liquid interface AU Kosmulski, M .;Jaroniec, M.; Szczypa, J. CS Inst.Chem., MCS Univ., Lublin,PL-20-031, Pol. SO Monatsh.Chem. (1985), 116(3), 305-10 CODEN: MOCMB7; ISSN: 0026-9247 DT Journal LA English AB A generalization of the kinetic equation for theisotope exchangeat solid-liq. interfaces is presented. The generalizedequation may be used to describe kinetics of the isotope exchange processlimited by surface reactionsand diffusion without assumption of sphericalsymmetry of solid particles. AN 103:166719 CA TI Pure isotope exchange of iron(III) between solutionand surfacelayer formed on silica gel AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Jaroniec, Mieczyslaw; Szczypa, Jaroniec CS Inst.Chem., MCS Univ., Lublin,20-031, Pol. SO Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) (1985), 266(4), 667-72 CODEN: ZPCLAH; ISSN: 0323-4479 DT Journal LA English AB The kinetic isotope exchange curve was studiedat pH 1.92-2.52.The dependence of ln(1 - F) (where F is the exchange fraction)on time indicatesthat a no. of species are exchanging. The fastest exchangeprocesses are controlled by surface reaction rates, while slower processesare controlled by pore diffusion. AN 104:116699 CA TI Study of the relationship between the porous structureof controlled porous glasses (CPG) and the course of kinetic curves ofisotope exchange inthe system CPG-solution AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Dawidowicz, Andrzej; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Inst.Chem., Maria Curie SklodowskaUniv., Lublin , 20031, Pol. SO Int.J. Appl.Radiat. Isot. (1985), 36(12), 993-4 CODEN: IJARAY; ISSN: 0020-708X DT Journal LA English AB Controlled porosity glasses exhibit a quant. relationbetween thelocation of the sharp peak on the differential pore size distributioncurveand the time required to achieve Cs exchange fraction F defined by-ln (1-F)= 2. AN 104:116751 CA TI Study of cadmium(II) adsorption from aqueous solutionon activatedcarbons AU Dobrowolski, R.; Jaroniec,M.; Kosmulski, M. CS Inst.Chem., M. Curie-Sklodowska Univ.,Lublin, 20-031, Pol. SO Carbon (1986), 24(1), 15-20 CODEN: CRBNAH; ISSN: 0008-6223 DT Journal LA English AB Adsorption of Cd(II) from aq. solns. on activatedcarbons with modified surfaces was studied. The exptl. adsorption dataare discussed in comparison to the isotope exchange kinetic data and surfacecharge d. data. The results suggest the dependence of the mechanism ofCd(II) adsorption on the soln. pH. AN 104:156580 CA TI Kinetics of heterogeneous isotope exchange - mathematicalmodels AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Chem., UMCS, Pol. SO Wiad.Chem.(1984), 38(10-12), 813-36 CODEN: WICHAP; ISSN: 0043-5104 DT Journal LA Polish AB The models used in the investigations of kineticsof isotope exchange solid-soln. systems are discussed, as well as the applicabilityof these theor.kinetic equations to real systems. AN 104:157685 CA TI Comment on the paper "Kinetics, equilibrium andisotope exchangein ion exchange system" by Plicka et al AU Kosmulski, M. CS Inst.Chem., Maria Curie SklodowskaUniv., Lublin , 20-031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1986), 98(2), 397-8 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB Comments are given on the kinetic studies of isotopeexchange inheterogeneous systems, reported in the paper by J. Plicka,et al. (ibid. 1985,88, 325). Both exptl. procedure and interpretationof the results are discussed. AN 104:231274 CA TI Liquid/solid interfaces: studies of kinetics ofisotope exchange AU Kosmulski, M. ;Jaroniec, M.; Szczypa, J. CSInst. Chem., Maria Curie-SklodowskaUniv., Lublin , 20-031, Pol. SO Adsorpt. Sci. Technol. (1985), 2(2), 97-119 CODEN: ASTEEZ; ISSN: 0263-6174 DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review with many refs. In spite of wide applications,the phenomenon of heterogeneous isotope exchange is rather poorly understoodand the fragmentary results reported in the lit. do not lead to unambiguousconclusions concerning the mechanism of this phenomenon. The theor. modelsof isotope exchange arediscussed and compared with exptl. results. Theresults are also discussed with respect to enlargement of applicationsof isotope exchange to investigation of heterogeneous systems, e.g. contg.porous solid particles. AN 107:121823 CA TI Kinetics of heterogeneous isotope exchange inthe systems containing porous particles AU Kosmulski, M . CS Inst.Chem., Sklodowska Univ., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1987), 117(5), 311-19 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB The porous particle (ion exchanger) is representedas a system ofslabs of different thickness in order to evaluate the kineticcurve of isotope exchange. The phys. reasons of such a representation arediscussed. The modelcurves are compared for different distributions ofslab thickness. AN 107:223816 CA TI Selectivity of alkali metal cations adsorptionon controlled porousglasses AU Kosmulski, M. CS Inst.Chem., Maria Curie SklodowskaUniv., Lublin , 20031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1987), 118(3), 209-16 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB Alkali metal ions are adsorbed on controlled porousglasses frombasic solns. Narrow porous glasses show a relatively highselectivity withadsorption decreasing in the series Cs, K, Na, Li. AN 109:177239 CA TI Studies of surface properties of activated carbonsby means of heterogeneous isotope exchange AU Dobrowolski, Ryszard; Jaroniec,Mieczyslaw; Kosmulski, Marek ; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Inst.Chem., Uniw. Marii Curie-Sklodowski,Lublin ,Pol. SO Biul. Lubel. Tow. Nauk., Mat.-Fiz.-Chem. (1988),Volume Date 1984,26(2), 25-9 CODEN: BLTMDK; ISSN: 0460-2366 DT Journal LA English AB The adsorption mechanism was studied for Cd ionson activated C.The kinetic adsorption isotherms, detd. by isotope exchangemethod, revealthat the adsorption mechanism involves O-contg. surfacecompds. AN 110:14117 CA TI Effect of n-alcohols on the potentiometric titrationsof rutile AU Szczypa, Jerzy; Wasowska, Laura; Kosmulski, Marek CS Dep.Radiochem. Colloid Chem., MariaCurie Sklodowska Univ., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1988), 126(2), 592-5 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB The effect of compn. of mixed solvent (aq. EtOHor BuOH) on thepotentiometric titrns. of rutile suspensions in 0.1, 0.01,and 0.001 M NaClis studied. The value of limc.fwdarw.0(-dln .sigma.0/dc)pH,I,where .sigma.0is the surface charge d., c is the alc. concn., and I isthe ionic strength,does not depend on pH and slightly decreases when NaClconcn. increases. This coeff. equals 0.4 for EtOH and 1 dm3 mol-1 for BuOH. AN 110:103676 CA TI Adsorption of cesium hydroxide on controlled porousglasses AU Kosmulski, M. CS Dep.Radiochem. Colloid Chem., MariaCurie Sklodowska Univ., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1989), 129(1), 149-54 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB The adsorption of CsOH was studied for 18 samplesof porous glassesprepd. from different raw glass materials by means ofdifferent thermal andchem. treatment. For all the samples studied andfor 3 samples of chromatog.silica gels, the adsorption capacity in relationto CsOH is proportional tothe BET surface area and equals 4 .mu.mol ofCe per 1 m2 of BET surface. AN 110:139067 CA TI Adsorption of simple inorganic ions at the metaloxide-electrolytesolution interface AU Sprycha, Ryszard; Kosmulski,Marek ; Szczypa, Jerzy; Janusz, Wladyslaw CSInst. Chem., UMCS, Lublin,20-031, Pol. SO Fizykochem. Probl. Mineralurgii (1988), 20, 135-43 CODEN: FPMIDB; ISSN: 0137-1282 DT Journal LA Polish AB When the anion and cation adsorption at pointof charge (PZC) isknown, their adsorption for pH slightly different fromPZC is detd. usingLyklema (1972, 1984) approach. The theor. predictionsis in good agreementwith the measured adsorption for the system ZrO2-NaCl. AN 110:142110 CA TI Ionic components of charge on oxides AU Sprycha, Ryszard; Kosmulski,Marek ; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Dep.Radiochem. Colloid Chem., Maria-CurieSklodowska Univ., Lublin, 20031,Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1989), 128(1), 88-95 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB The Esin-Markov coeffs. (.beta.) were detd. fordifferent oxidesand electrolyte concns. by using literature potentiometrictitrn. data. The problem of ionic components of charge is discussed byusing the J. Lyklema (1977) approach as well as exptl. adsorption datafor oxides. The adsorption data show that the contributions of cationsand anions to the surface charge at the point of zero charge are differentfrom zero. This finding can be explainedby introducing the site-bindingmodel of the elec. double layer to the Lyklemaapproach for detn. of ioniccomponents of charge on the basis of Esin-Markovcoeffs. AN 111:181500 CA TI Adsorption of cesium on, and desorption from,controlled porousglasses. Column experiments AU Kosmulski, M .;Dawidowicz, A. L.; Szczypa, J. CS Lab. Adsorpt. Phys. Chem. Interfaces, Pol. Acad.Sci., Lublin, 20031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1989), 131(2), 377-83 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB Cesium contained in aq. solns. of different compn.was adsorbedin columns packed with controlled porous glasses (CPG) andthen removed bymeans of 1M HCl. Recovery ov cesium in the eluate was studiedas a functionof the soln. compn. and the kind of CPG. AN 112:105680 CA TI Effect of n-alcohols on the surface charge densityand adsorptionof supporting electrolyte on aluminas AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Catal. Surface Chem. , Polish Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1990), 135(2), 590-3 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB The presence of n-alcs. (EtOH .ltoreq.12, PrOH.ltoreq.10, BuOH.ltoreq.4 wt.%) does not affect the course of the .sigma.(surface charged.) vs. pH curves and the adsorption of Na+ and Cl- ionsfrom 0.1, 0.01, and0.001 M solns. in the system alumina-NaCl soln. Forthe sample of aluminacontg. mainly .alpha.-corundum, the values of pzc(point-of-zero-charge) andcip coincide at pH = 8. This sample adsorbsconsiderable amts. of counterions in relation to the values of .sigma.0but adsorption of these ions at pHpzc is negligible within exptl. error.For the sample contg mainly .gamma.-alumina, pHcip = 8.2 and .sigma. =-.3 C/g for cip. This sample adsorbs considerable amts. of Cl- ions evenat pHpzc but the adsorption of Na+ ions appears for the pH values abovepHpzc. AN 112:165875 CA TI Lanthanides adsorption on controlled pore glass AU Kosmulski, M .;Szczypa, J. CS Lab. Adsorpt. Phys. Chem., Pol. Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1990), 144(1), 73-7 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB Europium(III) and Ce(III) were adsorbed on controlledporosity glass from neutral and basic solns. The expts. were carried outby using 10-5M solns.of chlorides. For 0.1M NaCl as a supporting electrolyte,very low adsorptionis obsd. at pH >6. At pH >8 the adsorption curve hasa plateau correspondingto >90% Eu(Ce) adsorbed. At lower NaCl concns.,these pH values shift towardslower values. Europium adsorbs considerablybetter than Ce and the best selectivityis obsd. at pH 7. AN 112:209957 CA TI Adsorption properties of porous glasses containingalumina towardscesium AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Szczypa, Jerzy; Dawidowicz, Andrzej L. CS Inst.Catal. Surf.Chem. , Pol. Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031,Pol. SO Appl. Radiat.Isot. (1990), 41(2), 239-40 CODEN: ARISEF; ISSN: 0883-2889 DT Journal LA English AB Porous glasses contg. alumina may be applied asspecific adsorbentsof cesium for anal. purposes and to large-scale removalof radiocesium from low-salinity solns. These adsorbents are particularlyuseful for detn. of radiocesiumbecause the radioactivity may be measureddirectly from the adsorbent bed.Leaching out the sol. phase without priorheating of the raw glass gives themost selective porous glass. AN 113:12606 CA TI Effect of n-alcohols on the electric double layerformed on thesurface of controlled pore glass AU Szczypa, Jerzy; Kajdewicz, Iwona;Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Catal. Surf.Chem. , Pol. Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031,Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1990), 137(1), 157-62 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB The common intersection point of potentiometrictitrn. curves andthe isoelec. point for the controlled pore glass (CPG)-NaClsystem are 3 and 2, resp. (i.e., they are similar to those found for silica).The neg. surface charge of CPG is decreased when pure water is replacedby mixed solvents contg.water and EtOH, PrOH, or BuOH. The same wt. percentageconcns. of these alcs.lead to approx. equal decreases in the neg. surfacecharges in the systemCPG-NaCl soln. for 0.01 and 0.001M NaCl concns. AN 113:47172 CA TI Influence of the leaching process on adsorptionproperties of porous glasses AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Dawidowicz, Andrzej L.; Szczypa, Jerzy; Waksmundzki, Andrzej CS Lab. Adsorpt. Surf. Chem., Pol. Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO Sep. Sci. Technol. (1990), 25(7), 953-60 CODEN: SSTEDS; ISSN: 0149-6395 DT Journal LA English AB Among numerous materials used as ion exchangers,porous glassesshow a high affinity toward Cs ions. This affinity dependson the pore diam. and the presence of an alkali borate phase. Materialsexhibiting extremely high selectivity in of Cs adsorption are obtainedfrom glass contg. SiO2, 62.7B2O3 26.9, Na2O 6.6, and Al2O3 3.5% by fastcooling of a crude glass mixt.in water and then by leaching with waterat 90.degree. for 1 to 4 h. The selectivityfactor of Cs adsorption is>50. AN 115:76916 CA TI Electric and sorption properties of controlledpore glasses AU Kosmulski, M .;Szczypa, J.; Jablonski, J.; Golkiewicz, P. CS Inst.Catal.,Polish Acad. Sci., Lublin,20 031, Pol. SO J.Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. (1991), 150(2), 465-71 CODEN: JRNCDM; ISSN: 0236-5731 DT Journal LA English AB A series of controlled pore glasses (CPG) wasmade from the sameraw glass (SiO2 70, B2O3 23, Na2O 7%) by different chem.and thermal treatments. BET specific area, selectivity of Cs adsorptionin relation to Na, ionosorption capacity under dynamic conditions of theseCPG were measured and potentiometric titrns. carried out. Surface charge(.sigma.0) vs. pH curves show ion exchange potential and common intersectionpoint values similar to those for SiO2. KOHtreatment leads to increaseof BET sp. surface but ionosorption capacity isdecreased. AN 115:190573 CA TI Microelectrophoresis of silica in mixed solventsof low dielectricconstant AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matijevic,Egon CS Dep.Chem., Clarkson Univ., Potsdam,NY, 13699, USA SO Langmuir(1991), 7(10), 2066-71 CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN: 0743-7463 DT Journal LA English OS CJACS AB Electrophoretic mobilities of monodisperse, sphericalsilica particles (300 and 700 nm in diam.) in dioxane/water mixts. werestudied at 1:1 electrolyte concns. over the range 10-6-10-4 mol dm-3. Atdioxane contents of 80-95% (wt./wt.),the potentials are neg. in KOH solns.and pos. at sufficiently high HCl concns.The addn. of KCl in increasingamts. leads to a decrease in the mobility ofsilica in 80% dioxane/water,while at 90 and 95% dioxane, the charge reversalfrom neg. to pos. takesplace. An analogous effect is obsd. with RbCl andCsCl, but not with LiCland NaCl. At still higher dioxane concns. (>97.5%),the mobilities approachzero within the exptl. error at the studied rangeof electrolyte concns. AN 116:182076 CA TI .zeta.-potentials of silica in water-alcohol mixtures AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matijevic,Egon CS Dep.Chem., Clarkson Univ., Potsdam,NY, 13699, USA SO Langmuir(1992), 8(4), 1060-4 CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN: 0743-7463 DT Journal LA English OS CJACS-IMAGE; CJACS AB Two effects of n-alcs. (.ltoreq.30 wt.%) on electrokineticproperties of silica in the presence of different concns. of KCl (1 .times.10-3-1 .times.10-1 M) are described. The isoelec. point shifts towardmore basic pH, whilethe neg. .zeta.-potentials decrease with higher concns.of the alc. and theelectrolyte. The change in the pHiep is explained interms of the complexationof protonated surface hydroxyl groups by alc.mols. The lower neg. .zeta.-potentialsare due to an increase in cationactivity in mixed solvents and, thus, anenhanced counterion adsorptionin the Stern layer. AN 116:182150 CA TI Solvophoresis of latex AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matijevic,Egon CS Dep.Chem., Clarkson Univ., Potsdam,NY, 13699, USA SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1992), 150(1), 291-4 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB A novel effect, termed solvophoresis, that describesthe motionof dispersed particles caused by a gradient in solvent compn.is reported.Specifically, it is shown that the boundary of an aq. polystyrenelatex dispersionwith another miscible liq. shifts in a direction thatdepends on the natureof the liq. and on the ionic strength. The phenomenonis explained in terms of the change in the solvation of the particles,which is affected by the diffusionof the solvent mols. into the aq. phase,thus creating a gradient in the compn.of the miscible liqs. AN 117:34357 CA TI Zeta potential of anatase (titania) in mixed solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matijevic,Egon CS Dep.Ch em.,ClarksonUniv., Potsdam, NY, 13699,USA SO ColloidsSurf. (1992), 64(1), 57-65 CODEN: COSUD3; ISSN: 0166-6622 DT Journal LA English AB The replacement of water with mixed solvents (aq.methanol and ethanol, up to 30% wt.) does not change the surface charged. dependence on the pH ofanatase suspensions in 10-3-10-1 mol dm-3 KClsolns. The neg. .zeta.-potentials are decreased and the isoelec. pointis shifted towards higher pH values insystems contg. 10-1 mol dm-3 KCl,LiCl, CsCl, or KI in 30% ethanol/water or30% methanol/water mixts. ascompared to pure aq. systems. The effect is obsd.only at a sufficientlyhigh ionic strength and alc. concn. and is similarto that previously foundfor silica. The charge of anatase can be reversedby BaCl2 and K2SO4 inaq. and mixed solvent systems. Finally, analogous phenomenawere obsd.with uniform yttria particles dispersed in ethanol/water mixts.in thepresence of 10-1 mol dm-3 KCl. AN 118:12222 CA TI Formation of the surface charge on silica in mixedsolvents AU Kosmulski, M .;Matijevic,E. CS Cent. Adv. Mater. Process., Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY, USA SO ColloidPolym. Sci. (1992), 270(10), 1046-8 CODEN: CPMSB6; ISSN: 0303-402X DT Journal LA English AB At sufficiently high concns. of MeOH and of alkalisalts in aq.silica dispersions, the neg. .zeta.-potentials of the particlesdecrease.This effect is more pronounced with Li+ than with other alkalications, andit is independent of the anion. The NMR spectra indicate Li+adsorption on silica from mixed solvents, but not in the absence of alc. AN 118:199075 CA TI Adsorption of methanol and supporting electrolyteon silica andalumina in mixed solvent systems AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Lab. Adsorpt. Phys. Chem. Surf., Pol. Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1993), 156(2), 305-10 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB The MeOH adsorption on silica (388 m2/g) is independentof ionicstrength and decreases with increasing pH. The max. adsorptionof .apprxeq.0.5 mmol/g is obsd. at initial MeOH concn. .apprxeq. 2.5 Mat sufficientlylow pH, and it is low when compared with the concn. ofionizable OH groupson the surface of silica. The MeOH adsorption on Al2O3is zero within exptl.error. The neg. surface charge of silica is almostentirely compensated bycation adsorption. Both charge and cation adsorptiondecrease when H2O isreplaced with a mixed solvent. With Al2O3, the compensationis much lowerand both charge and adsorption are independent of the solventcompn. at .ltoreq. 30 wt. % MeOH and EtOH. The .zeta. potentials calcd.from adsorption data arecompared with the measured values. This comparisonshows that the slipping plane distance increases with increasing ionicstrength in aq. systems. Thistrend is even more pronounced with mixedsolvents. AN 120:145323 CA TI The role of the activity coefficients of surfacegroups in the formation of surface charge of oxides. Part II: Ion exchangeand .zeta. potentials AU Kosmulski, M. CS Lab. Adsorp. Phys. Chem. Interfaces, Pol. Acad.Sci., Lublin, Pol. SO ColloidPolym. Sci. (1993), 271(11), 1076-82 CODEN: CPMSB6; ISSN: 0303-402X DT Journal LA English AB A new method is developed to calc. the surfacecharge densitiesand .zeta. potentials of oxides in contact with electrolytesoln. as functionsof pH and ionic strength. For low ionic strength andnot too far from p.z.c.(up to 3 pH units for 10-3 mol dm-3 NaCl) the previousmodel (Kosmulski, 1992) neglecting the ion exchange can be used but fartherfrom p.z.c., correction for the ion exchange is necessary for some systems.This correction increases the calcd. titrn. charge (that is not necessarilyequal to the surface charge), but does not affect the diffuse charge and.zeta. potential. AN 120:332477 CA TI Standard enthalpies of ion adsorption onto oxidesfrom aqueous solutions and mixed solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Instituteof Catalysis and Physical Chemistry of Interfaces, Laboratory of Adsorptionand Physical Chemistry of Interfaces, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pl.M.C.Sklodowskiej 3, Lublin, 20031, Pol. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1994), 83(3), 237-43 CODEN: CPEAEH DT Journal LA English AB Adsorption of sodium from 0.001-0.1M NaCl solns.in water and mixedsolvents (aq. methanol and dioxane up to 30%) on silicaand alumina at givenpH and ionic strength increases with the temp. However,at given surface charge d. and ionic strength, sodium adsorption in theabove systems is practically independent of temp. over the range 15-35.degree.C;thus the apparent pos. (endothermic) enthalpy, calcd. from iso-pH data,reflects the increase in theneg. surface charge. This suggests that cationadsorption in the studied systemsis purely electrostatic in character.In contrast, adsorption of Cl- ionson alumina at const. pH and ionic strengthis independent of the temp. Thisobservation is in line with adsorptionof various anions on goethite at highfractional surface coverage. Cobaltadsorption on silica and alumina in thepresence of 0.1M NaCl at const.surface charge d. also increases with thetemp. Thus the tendency foundfor other (hydr)oxide-multivalent cation adsorptionsystems has been confirmed. AN 120:332488 CA TI Solvent effects on standard thermodynamic functionsof surface dissociation of oxides AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matysiak, Joanna; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Lab. Adsorp. Phys. Chem. Interfaces, Pol. Acad.Sci., Lublin, 20031, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1994), 164(2), 280-4 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB Different definitions of std. thermodn. functionsof proton adsorption on oxides are discussed in terms of distinguishingbetween the temp. variations of acidity of the surface and those of pKw.Inert electrolyte titrn. was proposedas an accurate method for the detn.of pHo of oxides. The temp. dependenceof pHo of .gamma.-alumina was similarto other oxides notwithstanding someliterature data (K. Ch. Akratopulu,et al., 1986). The std. enthalpy of protonadsorption of .gamma.-aluminais more sensitive to dioxane admixts. in waterrelative to methanol. AN 121:239077 CA TI Oxide/electrolyte interface: interpretation ofsupporting electrolyte adsorption data AU Kosmulski, M. CS Lab. Adsorption Phys. Chem. Interfaces, PolishAcad. Sci., Lublin, 20031, Pol. SO Pol.J. Chem. (1993), 67(10), 1831-9 CODEN: PJCHDQ; ISSN: 0137-5083 DT Journal LA English AB .zeta. Potentials of silica and alumina in aq.NaCl solns. can beestd. from .sigma.0 surface charge densities and theadsorption of supporting electrolyte using one value of x slipping planedistance independent of pHand ionic strength when a proper correctionis introduced into apparent .sigma.0directly calcd. from titrn. data.The nature of the counterion strongly affectsthe adsorption data. Adsorptionon silica increases from Li to Cs but dueto a parallel increase of .sigma.0,.zeta. is independent of the cation. Contrarythe adsorption on aluminadecreases from Li to Cs while .sigma.0 and neg..zeta. potentials are littleaffected by the counterion. AN 121:239078 CA TI The role of the activity coefficients of surfacegroups in the formation of surface charge of oxides AU Kosmulski, M. CS Laboratory Adsorption Physical Chemistry Interfaces,Polish AcademySciences, Lublin, 20031,Pol. SO Pol.J. Chem. (1992), 66(11), 1867-78 CODEN: PJCHDQ; ISSN: 0137-5083 DT Journal LA English AB A new approach is proposed to simulate the potentiometrictitrn.curves of metal oxides suspensions in electrolyte solns. The surfacepotential is assumed to follow the Nernst equation and the activities ofsurface ionized groups to be const. over a wide range of pH and ionic strengthof 1-1 inert electrolyte while their concns. change due to the change intheir activity coeffs. The latter are calcd. using the Debye-Hueckel equation.The values of ionic size parameters and dielec. const. used to fit theexptl. data byYates and Lyklema are reasonable agreement with those usedto calc. the activitiesof ions in the soln. AN 121:264552 CA TI Co-adsorption of mono- and multivalent ions onsilica and alumina AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.CatalysisPhys. Chemistry Interfaces, Polish Academy Sciences, Lublin,20031, Pol. SO Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. (1994), 98(8), 1062-7 CODEN: BBPCAX; ISSN: 0005-9021 DT Journal LA English AB Adsorption of Ca and Eu from 0.001-1 M solns.of different 1:1 electrolytes on silica and Al2O3 was studied as a functionof pH, surface charge d. .sigma.0, ionic strength, and temp. Adsorptionof multivalent cations on a neg. charged surface is competitive with respectto monovalent cations (i.e., the increase of the ionic strength leads toa decrease of multivalent ions adsorption). In contrast, adsorption ofmultivalent cations on a pos. charged surface isinsensitive to the concn.of monovalent cations or even increases with theionic strength. AN 121:291601 CA TI Method of determination of the cesium content,in particular itsradioisotopes appearing in trace amounts IN Szczypa, Jerzy; Dawidowicz, Andrzej L.;Kosmulski, Marek PA UniwrsytetMarli Curie-Sklodowskiej , Pol. SO Pol., 3 pp. CODEN: POXXA7 PI PL 159853 B1 930129 AI PL 88-276197 881202 DT Patent LA Polish AB A method of detn. of cesium and its radioisotopesin trace amts.is based on a sorption and a direct detn. after the sorption.The soln. wastransfered through the column filled with porous glass contg.aluminum oxide.The content of aluminum oxide in the glass was 5 wt.%,and the sp. surfacewas 100m2/g. The glass was thermally and chem. treatedby known methods at680.degree. for 60 min. The cesium content was detd.by known anal. methods. AN 121:314849 CA TI Method of determination of cesium content in particularappearingin trace amounts IN Szczypa, Jerzy; Dawidowicz, Andrzej L.; Kosmulski, Marek PA UniwersytetMarii Curie-Sklodowskiej , Pol. SO Pol., 3 pp. CODEN: POXXA7 PI PL 159851 B1 930129 AI PL 88-276010 881124 DT Patent LA Polish AB A method of detn. of cesium in trace amts. basedon a sorption,elution and detn. using radiometric of spectrog. methodsis described. Thesoln. contg. cesium in amt. of several Bq/dm3 was transferredthrough thecolumn contg. the porous glass with the sp. surface area higherthan 200 m2/g. Subsequently, the sorbent was rinsed with concd. HCl (1M),and cesium content in the eluant was detd. by known methods. AN 122:115911 CA TI Refractometric study of adsorption on oxides AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Polish Acad. Sci. Chem., Pol. SO Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci., Chem. (1994), 41(4), 325-31 CODEN: BPACEQ; ISSN: 0239-7285 DT Journal LA English AB Adsorption of the alkali cations on silica andAl2O3 measured bythe refractometric and radiotracer methods are coincident.Low adsorptionof counterions on silica over the pH range 3-6.5 makes itpossible to measure adsorption of the org. co-solvent in the systems silica-electrolytesoln. inthe mixed solvent. AN 122:115912 CA TI Standard enthalpies of proton adsorption on hematitein varioussolvent systems AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Matysiak, Joanna; Szczypa, Jerzy CS Polish Acad. Sci. Chem., Pol. SO Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci., Chem. (1994), 41(4), 333-7 CODEN: BPACEQ; ISSN: 0239-7285 DT Journal LA English AB The common intersection point (CIP) of the .sigma.0(pH) curvesfor hematite was found at pH = 8.0 in KNO3 and pH = 8.8 inKCl. For both electrolytes, the enthalpy of proton adsorption accordingto the reaction 1/2.scharw.SO- + H+ .rdblhar. 1/2.scharw.SOH2+ was detd.from the temp. dependence of the CIP. The values of -29 kJ/M for KCl and-25 kJ/M for KNO3 as supporting electrolytesare less neg. than those reportedin the literature. AN 123:18458 CA TI Oxide/electrolyte interface: electric double layerin mixed solventsystems AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Catalysis, Polish Academy Sciences, Lublin,20031, Pol. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1995), 95(2/3), 81-100 CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 DT Journal; General Review LA English AB The effects of an admixt. of an org. cosolventon 1:1 oxide/aq.electrolyte systems (detected by potentiometric titrns.,electrokinetic methods,and radiotracer adsorption) are reviewed in termsof the possible influence of the solvent compn. on the structure of theelec. double layer in such systems.90 Refs. AN 123:66524 CA TI Modern theories of the electric double layer.II. Oxide/solutioninterface AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Katal. Fizykochem. Powierzchni, PAN, Lublin,20-031, Pol. SO Wiad.Chem.(1994), 48(5-6), 293-316 CODEN: WICHAP; ISSN: 0043-5104 DT Journal; General Review LA Polish AB A review, with 77 refs. Recent developments inthe studies of theelec. double layer in the system oxide/electrolyte soln.are summarized witha special emphasis on: measurements of counterion adsorptionand their interpretation, std. thermodn. functions of surface reactionsof oxides and the role of thesolvent in the surface equil. AN 123:322578 CA TI Structure and properties of oxide-electrolytesolution interfaces.III. Specific adsorption of cations on oxides AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Katal. Fizykochem.-Powierzchni , PAN, Lublin,20-031, Pol. SO Wiad.Chem.(1995), 49(1-2), 21-38 CODEN: WICHAP; ISSN: 0043-5104 DT Journal; General Review LA Polish AB Adsorption properties of multivalent cations arecompletely different from those of alkali metal cations and this phenomenonis termed specific adsorption.The nature of specific adsorption of cationson oxides is discussed with aspecial emphasis of the distinction betweenadsorption and surface pptn.,and the temp. and ionic strenght effectson the magnitude of adsorption. 42Refs. AN 124:326039 CA TI The effect of the nature of the organic cosolventon surface chargedensity of silica in mixed solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Polish Academy Sciences, InstituteCatalysis, Lublin, 20031, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1996), 179(1), 128-35 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 DT Journal LA English AB Potentiometric titrns. of silica in mixts. ofH2O with alcs., diols, polyalcs., ketones, ethers, DMSO, DMF, and MeCNwere carried out. Usually, the neg. surface charge (.sigma.0) of silicaat a given pH and ionic strength decreases when the concn. of the org.component in the mixed solvent increases. Polyalcs. are an exception; theirpresence does not affect .sigma.0, and erythritolmakes it even more neg.Generally, the abs. value of .sigma.0 of silica ata given concn. of anorg. cosolvent is lower for the cosolvents with a longerhydrocarbon chain(e.g., H2O > MeOH > EtOH, and higher for cosolventswith a higher no. ofpolar groups (e.g., propanol < propanediol < propanetriol)).Themagnitude of .sigma.0 at a given pH, ionic strength, and org. cosolventconcn. is correlated with the Reichardt ET (30) and the Kosower Z and Z'polarityparameters (e.g., the abs. value of .sigma.0 increases when theseparametersincrease). An even better correlation can be achieved when thesolvent ischaracterized by a linear combination of 1 of 3 of the abovesolvent parametersor .alpha. H bond donation ability with .beta. H bondacceptance ability orwith DN (the Gutman donor no.). In solvents withhigh values of the latter2 parameters, the neg. surface charge of silicais low. AN 125:96874 CA TI Electroacoustic Study of Adsorption of Ions on Anatase and Zirconia from Very Concentrated Electrolytes AU Kosmulski, Marek ;Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Departmentof Physical Chemistry , Abo Akademi University,20500 ABO, Finland SOJ. Phys. Chem. (1996), 100(28), 11681-11687 CODEN: JPCHAX; ISSN: 0022-3654 DT Journal LA English AB The redn. of abs. values of neg. .zeta. potentials(basic branch)of anatase with the concn. of 1-1 salts (alkali halides,nitrates, and perchlorates) is much more pronounced than that of the pos..zeta. potentials (acidic branch).The extent of this effect increasesin the series Cs < K < Na < Lifor a given anion and CH3COO <Cl < NO3 < ClO4 < Br < I fora given cation. For sufficientlyhigh concns. of most lithium and sodium salts,e.g., 0.53 mol/mol NaI,there is no isoelec. point (iep) and the .zeta. potentialsare pos. overthe entire available pH range. For potassium and cesium salts,on iep isalways obsd., even at very high concns., but it is substantiallyshiftedtoward the higher pH values. Small cations show a differentiatingeffect:the course of .zeta.(pH) curves for particular lithium and sodiumsaltsat a given high ionic strength is very sensitive to the nature of theanion,but the effect of the nature of the anion is relatively insignificantwhendifferent potassium salts are considered. Large anions (iodide) showadifferentiating effect, while smaller anions (chloride) do not. AN 125:231524 CA TI Zeta potential of submicron titania particlesin mixed solvents AU Kosmulski, M. CS Inst.CatalysisPhys. Chem. Interfaces, Polish Acad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO NATO ASI Ser., Ser. 3 (1996), 12(Fine Particles Scienceand Technology), 185-196 CODEN: NAHTF4 DT Journal LA English AB Anatase particles show neg. .zeta. potentialsin mixts. of n-alcs.,DMSO, dioxane, and Me2CO with small (.ltoreq. 5%)amts. of H2O. These .zeta.potentials are not correlated with empiricalparameters characterizing solventpolarity, acidity, and basicity. The.zeta. potentials depend not only onthe nature of the solvent, but alsoon the impurities (e.g., traces of inorg.salts) present in the solid andliq. phase, whose nature and concn. is beyondcontrol. Addn. of alkalichlorides causes a reversal of the sign of .zeta.potential of anataseto pos. in the mixed solvents studied. This phenomenonexhibits littlesensitivity toward the nature of the anion. The concn. ofa 1-1 salt necessaryto reverse the sign of .zeta. potential of anatase ina given solvent decreasesin the series Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs.Thus, in terms of ability to reversethe sign of .zeta. potential of anatase,Cs is more efficient than theother alkali metal cations. The concn. of Cschloride necessary to reversethe sign of .zeta. potential of anatase crevincreases with the solventpolarity and acidity (represented by the ET (30)solvent scale) and decreaseswith the empirical parameter .beta. characterizingsolvent basicity. Alinear correlation (ln crev = 0.509ET(30) - 15.29.beta.- 23.21) was found. It follows from this equation that in H2O, crev is veryhigh. Indeed, the sign of .zeta. potential is not reversed in H2O over theexptl. available concn. range of CsCl (.ltoreq. 0.1 M). The above equationpredicts crev.apprxeq. 10-3 M in a completely inert solvent. AN 126:95241 CA TI Adsorption of cadmium on alumina and silica: analysis of the values of stability constants of surface complexes calculated for different parameters of triple layer model AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst.Catalysis,Physical Chem., Interfaces, Lab. Adsorption, Phys. Chem.Interfaces, PolishAcad. Sci., Lublin,20031, Pol. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1996), 117(3), 201-214 CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 DT Journal LA English AB The calcd. stability consts. of surface complexesformed by heavymetal ions depend on the assumed model of the elec. doublelayer and its parameters. By using various parameters of the triple-layermodel (TLM)(which fits the titrn. data almost equally well), one obtainsstability consts. with a range as wide as 2 orders of magnitude. The equil.consts. of the surface reactions .scharw.Al-OCd+ + Na+ (log K = 7.4 at15.degree. and log K = 7.1 at 35.degree.) and .scharw.Al-O-Na + Cd2+ +Cl- +H+ = .scharw.Al-OHCdCl+ + Na+ (log K = 15.7at 15.degree. and 14.9at 35.degree.) do not depend on the TLM parameters. The surface complexes formed in these 2 reactions are used in a model which is able to explain Cd adsorption from NaCl and NaClO4 solns. up to a concn. of 1 M. Only 1surface complex (.scharw.Si-OCd+) is used in a model which explainstheadsorption of Cd on silica from the same electrolytes, and the equil.const.of the surface reaction .scharw.Si-O-Na + Cd2+ = .scharw.Si-OCd+ +Na+(log K = -0.9 at 15.degree. and -1.0 at 35.degree.) does not depend ontheTLM parameters used in its calcn. The adsorption of Cd at const. pH increaseswith temp., but adsorption at a const. surface charge d. is independent oftemp. for both oxides. AN 127:153385 CA TI The effect of the ionic strength on the adsorption isotherms ofnickel on silica AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst. fur Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik ,Karlsruhe,76021, Germany SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1997), 190(1), 212-223 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB Isotherms of adsorption of Ni(II) on silica from0.01 M NaClO4 arealmost linear with a log-log slope of 0.95, and the percentageof uptake ata given pH is insensitive to the initial Ni concn. At higherionic strengths(.gtoreq.0.1 mol dm-3) two kinds of behavior are obsd.For low Ni concns.the adsorption is approx. equal to that obsd. at lowerionic strengths. Forhigher Ni concns. (but still much lower than the concn.of surface sites)the Ni adsorption from 0.1 and 0.3 mol dm-3 NaClO4 islower than the adsorptionfrom 0.01 M NaClO4 by a factor of 2 (pH 9) to3 (pH 8). When water is replacedby a mixed solvent (e.g., 2% aq. DMSO,THF, methanol, glycerol) the Ni adsorption isotherms obtained in the presenceof 0.1 mol dm-3 NaClO4 are linear with alog-log slope of 0.95. These adsorptionisotherms are rather insensitive tothe nature and concn. of the org. cosolvent.It is impossible to explain theNi adsorption curves over the entire studiedrange of initial concns. andionic strengths in terms of surface complexationmodel, unless the Boltzmann factor is properly cor. AN 127:337338 CA TI Attempt to Determine Pristine Points of Zero Charge of Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and HfO2 AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Instituteof Catalysis , Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, 30239, Pol. SO Langmuir(1997), 13(23), 6315-6320 CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB Many empirical formulas have been proposed inthe literature toest. the pristine points of zero charge of oxides fromionic radii and coordination nos. or from electronegativities, and goodcorrelations between exptl. and calcd. values were obtained. The significanceof such studies is limited unlessaccurate and reliable exptl. pristinepoint of zero charge (PPZC) data areused. Comparison of various compilationsof PPZC data shows that more attentionshould be paid to the proper choiceof an unique PPZC among the many variousvalues reported for the same oxidein the literature. Only for a few oxides(RuO2, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, Fe2O3,and Al2O3) can very reliable PPZC values canbe accurately selected. Forthe other oxides the existing literature datastill need verification,and for some oxides PPZC data are not available atall. In order to addmore oxides to this list, an attempt to det. the pristinepoints of zerocharge of Nb2O5, Ta2O5, and HfO2 was made. For Nb2O5 the pointof zerocharge and isoelec. point exactly match at pH 4.1, and this valuecoincideswith literature data. This result fills a crit. gap in the listingof PPZCvalues; namely, this is one of very few reliable PPZC values in theacidicrange. For Ta2O5 the point of zero charge at pH 5.2 and the isoelec.pointat pH 5.3 in the presence of NaClO4 obtained in the present study arealsoconsistent, but the literature data are very scattered and most of themfall at considerably lower pH values. For HfO2 the point of zero chargeatpH 7.4 and the isoelec. point at pH 7.1 in the presence of NaClO4 wereobtainedin the present study. The difference between these values is toosignificantto claim a reliable PPZC. AN 127:311757 CA TI Standard enthalpies of adsorption of di- and trivalentcations onalumina AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst. fur Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik ,Karlsruhe,76021, Germany SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1997), 192(1), 215-227 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB Std. enthalpies of Ni(II), Gd(III), and Y(III)adsorption on alumina can be estd. from the temp. effect on apparent equil.consts. of surface reactions.The results are relatively insensitive tothe choice of the adsorption model,although the calcd. apparent equil.consts. of surface reactions at a giventemp. are model dependent and theyoften differ by several orders of magnitudefrom one model to another.The conditions of the expt., solid-to-liq. ratio,initial concn. of multivalentcations in soln., presence of various 1:1 and2:1 electrolytes at variousconcns., do not significantly affect the calcd.values of std. enthalpiesof adsorption. Assuming that that the total no.of surface sites and theno. of protons released per one adsorbed heavy metalcation do not dependon temp., the std. enthalpies of adsorption on aluminaat const. pH are65 kJ/mol for Ni, 90 kJ/mol for Gd, and 90 kJ/mol for Y.The presence ofalk. earth metal cations (up to 0.05 mol dm-3) does not significantlyinfluencethe adsorption of nickel and gadolinium on alumina. Thus, bariumand magnesiumdo not compete with heavy metal cations for the surface sites. AN 128:172582 CA TI Adsorption of trivalent cations on silica AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH., Institut fur Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik, Karlsruhe, 76021, Germany SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1997), 195(2), 395-403 CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB Gd and Y show very similar adsorption behaviorson SiO2. For theboth trivalent cations, the adsorption isotherms are insensitiveto the ionic strength. The slope of the log-log adsorption isotherms ata const. pH is considerably<1, except for the range of very low equil.concns. This behavior can beexplained without invoking surface heterogeneityconsidering the presenceof a small concn. of anions, An2-, as an impurity.A hypothetical ternarycomplex SiOGdAn is very strong and this leads toenhanced uptake at low initialconcns. When [Gd3+] .mchgt. [An2-], onlya small fraction of Gd can be adsorbedas SiOGdAn and the percentage ofuptake is low. AN 128:262349 CA TI Comments on "The zeta potential of iron and chromium hydrous oxides during adsorption and coprecipitation of aqueous heavy metals". AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst. Catalysisand Phys. Chemistry Interfaces, Polish Academy Sciences, Krakow, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1997), 188(2), 516. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB A polemic is given in response to J. Crawford et al. (ibid 1996,181, 561). AN 130:130347 CA TI Positive electrokinetic charge of silica in the presence of chlorides. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Physical Chemistry , Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1998), 208(2), 543-545. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB The presence of chlorides promotes a pos. electrokinetic chargeof silica. Silica shows an isoelec. point (iep) at pH 2 in the presence ofHCl but at pH < 1.5, if any, in the presence of HClO4 and HNO3. The iepof silica in the presence of different 1:1 salts depends on the nature andconcn. of the salt. The highest value of pH, 5.5, was obsd. for 0.1 mol dm-3cesium chloride and nitrate. A larger increase in cesium salt concn. shiftsthe iep back to low pH values and at >0.5 mol dm-3 there is no iep (onlyneg. z potentials). (c) 1998 Academic Press. AN 130:158871 CA TI Correlation between the zeta potential and rheological propertiesof anatase dispersions. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Gustafsson, Jan; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1999), 209(1), 200-206. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB The viscosity at an arbitrarily selected shear rate of 1.16 s-1and the yield stress of anatase dispersions are linearly correlated, andboth show a max. at the isoelec. point (IEP) at pristine conditions. Therheol. properties of anatase dispersions respond to the shift in the IEPto higher pH values, which is obsd. in concd. solns. of 1-1 electrolytesand in the presence of the org. cosolvents, but the shift in the pH corresponding to a max. viscosity does not exactly match the shift in the IEP. In contrast with the electrokinetic curves, the rheol. curves at high ionic strengths are rather insensitive to the nature of the supporting electrolyte. The acidicbranch of the viscosity(pH) curves is relatively insensitive to the ionicstrength while the slope of the basic branch decreases when the ionic strengthincreases. (c) 1999 Academic Press. AN 130:226281 CA TI Colloidal processing related to the properties of the ceramic particles and the sintered ceramic body. AU Rosenholm, Jarl B.; Manelius, F.; Stranden, J.; Kosmulski, M.; Fagerholm, H.; Byman-Fagerholm,H.; Pettersson, A. B. A. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Editor(s): Smart, Roger St C.; Nowotny, Janusz. Ceram. Interfaces(1998), 433-460. CODEN: 67FOAM PB IOM Communications, London, UK DT Conference LA English AB The reasons for the time-dependent buffering, shifting the pH ofthe dispersion by several units, of com. available ceramic powders of formally equal compn. is investigated. The paper discusses the influence of indifferent ions on the zeta potential of yttrium-stabilized zirconia particles when theionic strength and the dry content of the dispersion are increased. For dil.dispersions it is found that the acid and base used to adjust the pH mayinfluence the dispersion properties. At very high concns. of simple electrolytesand at moderate particle loadings (20 wt% = 3.9 vol.%) it is found that theinfluence of both the cation and the anion is specific. The influence ofadded electrolyte is normal in acidic suspensions, but is enhanced in alk.suspensions. The results are discussed in terms of possible ion solvationof multivalent ions extd. from the particle surfaces and of the influenceof the indifferent ions on the solvent structure at high ionic strengths.The suspension properties are related to the particle growth and the stabilityof the suspension and the viscosity of the (80 wt% = 40 vol.%) slip. A simpleschematic illustration is offered for colloidal processing in order to relatethe behavior of the suspensions at different solids fractions and electrolyteconcns. Furthermore, the strength properties of the final sintered ceramictest bars cast from the slip are evaluated. AN 130:287444 CA TI Adsorption of Trivalent Cations on Silica II. Temperature Effect. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry , Technical University of Lublin , Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1999), 211(2), 410-412. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB The temp. effect on the magnitude of adsorption was used to explain the mechanism of adsorption of gadolinium on silica at very low concns. Std.enthalpy of adsorption of gadolinium equals 36 kJ mol-1 for a total Gd concn.of 2 ´ 10-8 mol dm-3 and 67 kJ mol-1 for 2 ´ 10-5 mol dm-3. Thisresult confirms the hypothesis that the Gd adsorption at low initial concn.is governed by formation of strong ternary surface complexes involving anionicimpurities. (c) 1999 Academic Press. AN 130:357599 CA TI How to handle the ion adsorption data with variable solid-to-liquid ratios by means of FITEQL. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Inst. fur Nukleare Entsorgungstechnik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1999), 149(1-3), 397-408. CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB FITEQL requires a const. solid-to-liq. ratio in serial data forcalcns. involving different models of an elec. double layer. Two dummy components, introduced in the present paper, make it possible to handle data with variable solid-to-liq. ratios without changing anything in the source code. Exptl. data (nickel and gadolinium adsorption on alumina) obtained for solid-to-liq. ratios ranging from 2 to 200 g (310 to 31 000 m2) per L are analyzed as anexample. A triple-layer model was used to calc. the distribution of elec.potentials in the interfacial region. The effect of the solid-to-liq. ratioand ionic strength on nickel adsorption can be reproduced quant. by a modelin which a .tplbond. AlONi+ surface species is formed, i.e., one proton isreleased per one adsorbed Ni2+ ion, and the adsorbed nickel is located abouthalf way between the plane of the surface charge and the b plane (the planein which ions of the supporting electrolyte are adsorbed). AN 130:357600 CA TI Surface charge of anatase and alumina in mixed solvents. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Plak, Andrzej. CS Institute of Catalysis and Physical Chemistry of Interfaces, ul. Niezapominajek, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Pol. SO Colloids Surf., A (1999), 149(1-3), 409-412. CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Heavy water (up to 50%) does not affect the surface charge d. ofoxides. The abs. value of neg. surface charge of anatase and alumina decreases, when water is replaced by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-water mixts. The relative decrease of the neg. surface charge of these oxides in the presence of DMSOis independent of the nature and concn. of the supporting electrolyte. Incontrast, the pos. branch of the charging curves of alumina is insensitive to DMSO admixts., and for anatase, the pos. charge even increases when DMSOconcn. increases. Dioxane causes a shift of the point of zero charge of aluminato lower pH values, esp. at low ionic strengths, but the effect of dioxaneon the surface charge d. is rather insignificant when alumina carries a highneg. or high pos. surface charge. AN 131:38889 CA TI Application of Zetametry To Determine Concentrations of Acidicand Basic Impurities in Analytical Reagents. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Eriksson, Patrik; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Aabo Akademi University, Aabo, Finland. SO Anal. Chem.(1999), 71(13), 2518-2522. CODEN:ANCHAM ; ISSN: 0003-2700 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB The sign and magnitude of the z potential of mineral oxides inallegedly pure org. solvents (high-quality chem. reagents) depends on theconcn. of acidic and basic impurities, chiefly org. acids and amines. "Zetametric titrn." with HClO4 makes it possible to est. the concn. of basic impurities and offers an attractive alternative to other methods. Titanium(IV) oxide has been chosen as the probe powder in view of its very low soly. and nearly neutral point of zero charge in aq. systems. Some systems have a high buffer capacity and addn. of acid and base has a minor effect on the z potential of titania. Specific adsorption of alkali metal cations on anatase can bealso a significant problem. AN 131:50059 CA TI Ion specificity and viscosity of rutile dispersions. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Gustafsson, J.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi Univ., Turku, Finland. SO Colloid Polym. Sci. (1999), 277(6), 550-556. CODEN: CPMSB6; ISSN:0303-402X PB Springer DT Journal LA English AB The isoelec. point (IEP) of rutile is shifted to higher pH valuesin the presence of >10-4 mol dm-3 Ba2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, and when a crit.concn. (5 ´ 10-4 mol dm-3 for Ba2+ and 1 ´ 10-3 mol dm-3 forCa2+) is exceeded there is no IEP at all and the z potential is always pos.A common intersection point for the zeta potential curves of the different concns. of salt is found, but for the various salts the point is shifted fromz = 0 mV for Mg2+ up to z = 20 mV for Ba2+ . Between the IEP and the charge-reversalpoint a rheol. unstable region is discovered. The shear stress of rutiledispersions (2.5 g rutile + 4 g electrolyte soln.) at shear rates of 116s-1 shows the same pH dependence irresp. of the concn. of alk.-earth metalcations £10-2 mol dm-3. The shear stress is <1 Pa below pH 3.8 andin the pH range 5-12 it assumes a value between 50-80 Pa at 116 s-1 withsome scatter; however, no systematic trend with concn. of alk.-earth metalcations and a rather insignificant decrease with pH at pristine conditionsare obsd. The acidic branch of the yield stress (pH) and low shear rate viscosity(pH) curves is insensitive to the presence of alk.- earth metal cations,and the same behavior is found for the z potential. The alk.-earth metalcations induce an increase in viscosity in the basic region and a shift inthe pH of max. viscosity to high pH values. The effect different alk.-earthmetal cations have on the rheol. properties at the same concn. is differentfrom the effect induced by indifferent electrolytes. When the z potentialincreases the viscosity at high pH is increased in a series which followsthe increase in size of the cation. AN 132:15958 CA TI Comments on "The binding of monovalent electrolyte ions on a-alumina. I. electroacoustic studies at high electrolyte concentrations". AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Langmuir (1999), 15(26), 8934. CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB A polemic on S. B. Johnson, P. J. Scales, T. W. Healy (ibid. 1999,15, 2836) saying that Kosmulski's and Rosenholm's work on the electroacoustic study of the adsorption of monovalent ions on TiO2 or ZrO2 is underestimated and misunderstood. AN 132:27143 CA TI Charge interactions in semi-concentrated titania suspensions atvery high ionic strengths. AU Kosmulski, Marek ; Durand-Vidal, S.; Gustafsson, J.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1999), 157(1-3), 245-259. CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB z-Potentials of TiO2 particles in aq. suspensions contg. up to1.2 mol dm-3 electrolyte are reported. At sufficiently high concns. of supporting inert electrolytes (>0.1 mol dm-3), the isoelec. point (i.e.p.) of titania shifts toward higher pH values. At even higher ionic strength the z-potential of the titania particles are pos. even at pH>10 (no i.e.p.). The lowest concn. at which such an effect is obsd. ranges from 0.5 mol dm-3 for NaI to0.9 mol dm-3 for NaNO3 and over 0.9 mol dm-3 for NaCl. In mixed solvents, e.g. 30% MeOH-70% H2O, similar effects are obsd. at substantially lower ionicstrengths than in purely aq. systems. The acidic branch of the z(pH) curvesis much less sensitive than the alk. branch to the electrolyte concn. inaq. and mixed solvent systems. The effect of the supporting electrolyte isevaluated exptl. and discussed in relation to recently published results onthe properties of suspensions of relatively high solids fraction. AN 132:84233 CA TI Specific Adsorption of Nickel and z Potential of Silica at VariousSolid-to- Liquid Ratios. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Eriksson, Patrik; Gustafsson, Jan; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (1999), 220(1), 128-132. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic curves of silica obtained at given total concns. of heavy metal cations depend on the solid-to-liq. ratio; namely, at low solid-to-liq.ratios the sign of the z potential of silica is reversed to pos. at relativelylow concns. of heavy metal cations, while at higher solid-to-liq. ratiosthe electrokinetic curves are not substantially influenced at much higherconcns. The surface complexation model fails to properly reflect the Ni effecton the course of electrokinetic curves of silica. The course of electrokineticcurves [positions of the isoelec. point(s) and of the maxima in mobility]is correlated with a linear combination of the surface charge d. in the absenceof heavy metal cations at given ionic strength and the adsorption d. of Ni.(c) 1999 Academic Press. AN 132:55134 CA TI Zeta potentials in nonaqueous media. How to measure and controlthem. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi, Finland. SO ColloidsSurf., A (1999), 159(2-3), 277-281. CODEN: CPEAEH ; ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review, with 20 refs. The effect of traces of water in nonaq.solvents on the z-potential is overrated, and the role of impurities in presumably pure org. solvents is often overlooked. Oxides can serve as potentiometric sensors to det. the concn. and nature of impurities. Even in very inert solventsthe counter-charge in soln. must exist. Small ions are stabilized by homoconjugationand by amphiphilic nonionic compds. The electrokinetic phenomena of the secondkind are more common in nonaq. solvents and they lead to very high abs. valuesof mobility at high field strengths. AN 132:128230 CA TI Zeta potentials of monodispersed, spherical silica particles inmixed solvents as a function of cesium chloride concentration. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Eriksson, Patrik; Brancewicz, Chris; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO ColloidsSurf., A (2000), 162(1-3), 37-48. CODEN: CPEAEH; ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Zeta potentials of silica are neg. in most mixed solvents (99%org. co-solvent, 1% water), but in t-butanol and pyridine they are pos. When CsCl is added to the suspension as a probe substance, two types of behavior are obsd. In solvents of e >25, the zeta potential asymptotically approaches zero, while in solvents of lower dielec. const., the sign of zeta potential is reversed to pos. at a sufficiently high CsCl concn., crev. To evaluate the nature of interaction leading to different solvent responses, a range of frequently used solvent scales relating to specific interactions between the components of the system were compared. A moderate correlation was foundbetween crev for silica and one solvent property alone, and those previouslyfound for anatase, resp. Using linear combinations of 2 solvent scales improvedthe correlation, but it was still not satisfactory. However, consideringsep. the contributions from both solvent components, a nearly statisticallysignificant correlation was found. The results are evaluated consideringthe particular behavior of each solvent group, and the specific influenceof the material properties of silica and of possible impurities present inthe system. AN 133:18407 CA TI Diffusion coefficients of ferrocene in composite materials containing ambient temperature ionic liquids. AU Kosmulski, Marek ; Osteryoung, Robert A.; Ciszkowska, Malgorzata. CS Department ofChemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. SO J. Electrochem.Soc. (2000), 147(4), 1454-1458. CODEN: JESOAN; ISSN: 0013-4651 PB Electrochemical Society DT Journal LA English AB Diffusion coeffs. (D) of ferrocene in composite materials composedof the ambient temp. ionic liqs. 1,2-di-methyl-3-(1-propyl)imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (DMPIBF4) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIBF4) and hexafluoropropylene-vinylidenefluoride copolymer were estd. using chronoamperometry. The values of D obtainedwith the composite materials based on DMPIBF4 ranged from 1 ´ 10-13to 2.5 ´ 10-12 m2 s-1 and depended on the compn. and pre-treatmentof the composite material. The latter value is equal to the diffusion coeff.of ferrocene in liq. DMPIBF4. The values obtained with the composite materialsbased on EMIBF4 ranged from 2 ´ 10-13 to 9 ´ 10-12 m2 s- 1 andthey are lower by a factor of more than four than that of ferrocene in liq.EMIBF4. AN 134:21767 CA TI Surface charge and zeta potential of silica in mixtures of organicsolvents and water. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Surfactant Sci. Ser. (2000), 90( Adsorptionon Silica Surfaces), 343-367. CODEN: SFSSA5; ISSN: 0081-9603 PB Dekker DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review with 50 refs. The surface charging behavior of SiO2 inalmost pure org. solvents and mixts. contg. small amts. of H2O is summarized. The surface charging, dissocn. of weak acids, and z potential of SiO2 in mixts.with H2O as the main component is also treated. Finally, the behavior ofSiO2 surfaces in H2O at different temps. and extremely high ionic strengths is outlined as well as that in heavy water. AN 134:61926 CA TI Sorption of heavy metal cations on silica. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin , Pol. SO Surfactant Sci. Ser. (2000), 90( Adsorptionon Silica Surfaces), 399-440. CODEN: SFSSA5; ISSN: 0081-9603 PB Dekker DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review with 71 refs. on sorption of heavy metal cations on silica. Macroscopic and spectroscopic exptl. methods used to study the sorption, sorptionisotherms at const. pH, factors affecting the adsorption, and surface complexationmodels of the adsorption are discussed. The sorption of silica is comparedwith that of other oxides. AN 133:340675 CA TI Surface complexation model for solid-liquid interfaces. AU Kosmulski, Marek ; Sprycha, Ryszard; Szczypa, Jerzy. CS Institute of Catalysis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Pol. SO Surfactant Sci. Ser. (2000), 88( InterfacialDynamics), 163-223. CODEN: SFSSA5; ISSN: 0081-9603 PB Dekker DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review with 131 refs., subdivided into 6 sections, is given onthe properties of the elec. interfacial layer at the solid-liq. interfacewith special emphasis on an assocn. of counterions at the oxide/electrolyte interface. After the introduction, the mechanisms of surface charge creation at 4 different interfaces, metal/electrolyte, semiconductor/electrolyte, ioniccrystal (AgI)/electrolyte, and metal oxide (hydroxide)/electrolyte, are discussed.The 3rd section contains a description of the models of the elec. interfaciallayer (EIL) at the solid-liq. interface without counterion assocn. The modelswith counterion assocn. are discussed in section IV, where special emphasisis put on surface complexation models of the EIL. In section V the methodsof detn. of surface ionization and complexation consts. of the surface metalhydroxyl groups at the oxide/electrolyte interface are discussed. This sectionfocuses exclusively on the so-called "indifferent" electrolytes. The effectsof specific adsorption of ions on the properties of the EIL at the solid-liq.interface are discussed in section VI. The content of this section coversthe methods of specific adsorption detn., proton stoichiometry, EIL modelswithout electrostatics, models with single and multiple surface reactions,enthalpy of adsorption, and adsorption competition between various multivalentions. AN 134:61944 CA TI Electrical interfacial layer in nonaqueous solvents. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Institute of Catalysis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Pol. SO Surfactant Sci. Ser. (2000), 88( InterfacialDynamics), 273-312. CODEN: SFSSA5; ISSN: 0081-9603 PB Dekker DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review with 96 refs. on elec. double layers in systems of oxidesin solns. of simple inorg. electrolyte. Also reviewed is recent progressin the field of surface charging in nonaq. and mixed solvents and some aspects not covered in previous reviews are covered. AN 134:121445 CA TI Application of electrokinetic data to test the adsorption models. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Eriksson, P.; Gustafsson, J.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Radiochim. Acta (2000), 88(9-11), 701-704. CODEN: RAACAP; ISSN: 0033-8230 PB Oldenburg DT Journal LA English AB The effect of adsorption of Gd(III) on the electrokinetic potential of SiO2 (Aerosil, 390 m2/g) was studied at various Gd(III) concns. (10-6-10-2 mol dm-3) and at 4 different solid to liq. ratios (0.05-8% of SiO2 by wt.). Up to some crit. concn. of trivalent cations, their effect on the electrokinetic potential of SiO2 is negligible and the sign is neg. over the entire studied pH range. This crit. concn. increases when the solid to liq. ratio increases. When Gd(III) concn. exceeds the crit. value, the magnitude of the neg. electrokineticpotential of SiO2 is reduced. This effect is substantial at pH 6 but it israther insignificant when the pH is very high (pH >8) or very low (pH<4). When the Gd(III) concn. is even higher, the sign of the electrokineticpotential is reversed to pos. over certain pH range, which depends on thesolid to liq. ratio and Gd(III) concn. The shape of exptl. electrokineticcurves of SiO2 in the presence of trivalent cations often shows max. anddouble isoelec. points, thus, it is very complex in comparison with the shapeof the percentage of uptake vs. pH curves. Therefore, a test of an adsorptionmodel based on electrokinetic curves is much more demanding than a test basedmerely on uptake vs. pH curves. The parameters of surface complexation model(SCM) derived from anal. of a large set of uptake curves were used to predictthe course of electrokinetic curves. The calcd. and exptl. obsd. max. andisoelec. points do not exactly match (a difference up to one pH unit), butthe model curves qual. reflect the trends obsd. in electrokinetic expts. CAN 135:185985; AN 2001:335367 CA PLUS TI Pristine Points of Zero Charge of Gallium and Indium Oxides. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Physical Chemistry , Abo Akademi, Turku, Finland. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2001), 238(1), 225-227. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB Electrokinetic measurements and potentiometric titrns. of indiumoxide (com. available reagent grade powder, washed with NaOH and HNO3 toremove strongly adsorbed species) indicate the pristine point of zero chargeto be pH 8.7. The isoelec. point at pH 9 was obtained for gallium oxide prepd. in the same way. These values match the pristine point of zero charge of alumina,but they are much higher than the values reported for indium oxide and galliumoxide in the literature. (c) 2001 Academic Press. CAN 136:43346; AN 2001:667789 CA PLUS TI Dispersions of Anatase in Ambient Temperature Ionic Liquids. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Janusz, Wladyslaw. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2001), 242(1), 104-105. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMI) tetrachloroaluminate (basic melt, AlCl3:EMICl ratio 0.94) and EMIBF4 were studied as 2 examples of ambient temp.ionic liqs. (salts that are liq. at room temp.). Dispersions of graphite andanatase (300 nm in diam. particles) in these media are surprisingly stableconsidering the high (.apprx.4 mol dm-3) ionic strength. Electrostatic interactionsplay a rather insignificant role in the stability of anatase in EMIBF4, withthe abs. value of electrophoretic mobility of the particles not exceeding3 ´ 10-10 m2V-1 s-1. The sign of electrophoretic mobility depends onthe presence of traces of H2O in EMIBF4. The particles carry a pos. electrokineticcharge in dehydrated EMIBF4, and in the presence of 1% H2O (added as liq.H2O or absorbed from the atm.) the sign is reversed to neg. (c) 2001 AcademicPress. CAN 135:323133; AN 2001:667813 CA PLUS TI The electrokinetic behavior of amorphous silica (Ludox) in KClsolutions. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2001), 242(1), 277. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB A polemic concerning the paper by J. Laven, H. N. Stein (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 238 (2001) 8) on the electrokinetic behavior of colloidal SiO2(Ludox) in KCl solns. In the opinion of the present author, the IEP obtainedby extrapolation is of limited significance, and the results obtained shouldbe interpreted in a different way. Further criticisms are discussed. (c)2001 Academic Press. CAN 135:294081; AN 2001:734786 CA PLUS TI Low-temperature ionic liquids - a laboratory curiosity or technological revolution? Part 1. Physical and chemical properties. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Tendaj, Boguslaw. CS Katedra Elektrochem.,Wydz. Elektryczny, Politech. Lubelska, Lublin, Pol. SO Przem.Chem. (2001), 80(7), 280-285. CODEN: PRCHAB ISSN: 0033-2496. PB Sigma-NOT DT Journal; General Review LA Polish AB A review with refs. The review considers synthesis and propertiesof imidazolium salts with different substituents and their possible applications as elec. conductors.(Copyright 2002 ACS) CAN 136:55422; AN 2001:783849 CA PLUS TI Retention of whiteners in fibrous mats. AU Hsu, W. P.; Kosmulski, M.; Matijevic, E. CS Center for Advanced Material Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA. SO Colloid and Polymer Science (2001), 279(9), 926-930. CODEN: CPMSB6 ISSN: 0303-402X. PB Springer DT Journal LA English AB The retention performance of pigment whiteners was studied in anexptl. papermaking process to illustrate the interactions between whitenerparticles and the cellulose fibers in the presence of retention aids (polyamineand alum). Special emphasis is paid to the effects of the electrokineticproperties of the reactants. CAN 136:110595; AN 2001:802465 CA PLUS TI Comment on "Simulation of Ta2O5 gate ISFET temperature characteristics" by Chou et al. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Sensorsand Actuators, B: Chemical (2001), B80(3), 292-293. CODEN: SABCEB ISSN: 0925-4005. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB A polemic is given on the article of J. C. Chou et al. (ibidemB 71, (2000) 73-76). Chou and his coworkers studied the temp. effect on theresponse of a Ta2O5 gate ISFET. On the basis of a literature survey, thepoint of zero charge (PZC) for Ta2O5 was set at pH = 3. M. Kosmulski thinksthat PZC at pH = 5.2 at 25° is a more reliable value, since it is based on electrokinetic and potentiometric expts. The isoelec. point (IEP) matches the PZC only in the absence of specific adsorption. Ta2O5 easily adsorbs silicatesfrom the soln. which were leached out from the glass ware. In this way, theIEP is shifted to a pH » 3, and Kosmulski thinks, that the use of thisIEP led to the wrong PZC used by Chou. CAN 136:140445; AN 2001:869158 CA PLUS TI Multiinstrument Study of the Electrophoretic Mobility of FumedSilica. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Hartikainen, Juha; Maczka, Edward; Janusz, Wladyslaw; Rosenholm,Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Analytical Chemistry (2002), 74(1), 253-256. CODEN:ANCHAM ; ISSN: 0003-2700 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB Although silica is one of the most common adsorbents, the positionof its isoelec. point (IEP) on the pH scale remains an open question. Different values from 1 to 4 were published, and there is even a controversy about thevery existence of the IEP. The discrepancies in the literature are at leastpartially due to application of different instruments. Different zetametersproduce different z potentials of silica in the acidic range and differentIEP. CAN 136:107820; AN 2001:874703 CA PLUS TI Evaluation of points of zero charge of aluminum oxide reportedin the literature. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Dep. of Electrochem.,Tech. Univ. of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Prace Naukowe Instytutu Gornictwa Politechniki Wroclawskiej (2001), 95 5-14. CODEN:PNGPAR ISSN: 0324-9670. PB DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review. In 1965 Parks compiled PZC of metal oxides and hydroxides and his paper is still the most frequently cited source of PZC of these materials.The recent compilation (Kosmulski 2001) covers not only oxides and hydroxides,but also mixed oxides, sparingly sol. salts and other materials whose surfacecharging is pH dependent. One set of data from this compilation (155 PZCof Al2O3 published in 150 papers between 1969 and 2001) was selected to showthe effect of cryst. structure on the one hand and of the choice of the exptl.method on the other on the PZC. There is no significant difference betweenthe a form (32 entries, av. 8.2, median 8.55) and the g form (58 entries,av. 8.2, median 8.4) and the other forms, mixts. of different forms and materialsof unknown structure (65 entries, av. 8.3, median 8.7). On the other hand,the choice of the method substantially affects the PZC. The isoelec. pointIEP from electroacoustic measurements (11 entries, av. 9.3, median 9.5) issignificantly above the IEP from classical electrokinetic measurements (78entries, av. 8.2, median 8.7) and potentiometric titrn. at one ionic strength(29 entries, av. and median 8). The results obtained by 2 latter methodsare much more scattered than in other methods. The lowest std. deviationwas obsd. in the set of PZC obtained by combination of titrn. (the commonintersection point of titrn. curves for three or more ionic strengths isidentified with the PZC) and electrokinetic measurements (7 entries, av.and median 8.6), and this value is the "recommended" PZC for alumina. CAN 136:108100; AN 2001:918116 CA PLUS TI Confirmation of the Differentiating Effect of Small Cations inthe Shift of the Isoelectric Point of Oxides at High Ionic Strengths. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Langmuir(2002), 18(3), 785-787 CODEN: LANGD5; ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB High concns. of certain 1-1 electrolytes in water induce a shiftin the isoelec. point (IEP) of metal oxides to pH values substantially higher than the pristine IEP. With large cations, the nature of the anion does notaffect the magnitude of these shifts, but with Li and Na the shift dependson the nature of the anion. This effect is termed the differentiating effectof small cations, and it has been studied in detail for anatase. The presentresults confirm the existence of the differentiating effect of Na for alumina.The anion sequence I > Br > Cl > ClO4 > NO3 obsd. for aluminais identical with that reported for anatase. CAN 136:284955; AN 2002:144974 CA PLUS TI Isoelectric Points of Metal Oxides at High Ionic Strengths. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Maczka, Edward;Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SOJournal of Physical Chemistry B(2002), 106(11), 2918-2921. CODEN: JPCBFK ISSN: 1089-5647. DT Journal LA English AB High ionic strengths induce a shift in the isoelec. point (IEP)of rutile to pH values substantially higher than its pristine IEP. When acrit. concn. of electrolyte is exceeded (0.6 mol dm-3 for rutile and 0.35mol dm-3 for hematite), there is no IEP at all and the electrokinetic potentialis pos. even at very high pH values. Similar shifts in the IEP have beenobsd. for anatase, alumina, indium oxide, and niobium oxide. The crit. NaIconcn. is low for the oxides of metals whose valence is odd, and it is high(or it does not exist) for the oxides of elements whose valence is even.There is no simple correlation between the crit. NaI concn. and the pristine IEP. The above results regarding the shifts in the IEP of oxides at high NaIconcns. must not be generalized for other 1-1 salts; e.g., cesium nitrate induces a substantial shift in the IEP of silica and no shift in the IEP ofalumina while the opposite is true for NaI. CAN 136:371361; AN 2002:168094 CA PLUS TI Low temperature ionic liquids - a laboratory curiosity or a technological revolution? Part 2. Applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis andin extraction. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna; Saneluta, Czeslaw. CS Katedra Elektrochem.,Wydz. Elektryczny, Politech. Lubelska, Lublin, Pol. SO PrzemyslChemiczny (2002), 81(2), 106-110. CODEN: PRCHAB ISSN: 0033-2496. PB Sigma-NOT DT Journal LA Polish AB A review discussing the use of ionic liqs. contg. 1,3-dialkylimidazole cation as solvents in dimerization, oligomerization, and polymn. of olefins, alkylation of aliph. and arom. compds., and acylation of arom. compds., aswell as an extg. agents in extn. of org. compds. from aq. phases. CAN 136:237377: AN 2002:168823 CA PLUS TI The Specific Adsorption of Sodium Cations on Less Common MetalOxides at High Ionic Strengths. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Nadbystrzycka, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2002), 248(1), 30-32. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB Sodium cations adsorb specifically on metal oxides at high ionicstrengths. This results in a shift in the isoelec. point (IEP) to higherpH values. When the crit. concn. of electrolyte is exceeded there is no IEPat all and the electrokinetic potential is pos. even at very high pH values.The crit. NaI concn. is rather insensitive to the nature of the metal oxide (but silica behaves differently), and this suggests that the specific adsorption is chiefly due to ion-ion and ion-solvent interaction in soln. The exptl. results obtained with indium and niobium oxides (crit. concns. of about 0.35mol dm-3) confirmed this trend. CAN 137:25407; AN 2002:306301 CA PLUS TI Low-temperature ionic liquids - a laboratory curiosity or a technological evolution? Part III. Electrochemical applications. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Saneluta, Czeslaw; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna. CS Katedra Elektrochem.,Wydz. Elektryczny, Politech. Lubelska, Lublin, Pol. SO PrzemyslChemiczny (2002), 81(4), 234-236. CODEN: PRCHAB ISSN: 0033-2496. PB Sigma-NOT DT Journal LA Polish AB A review with 29 refs. covering electrolytic deposition of Al,Al alloys, Co, Sn, Hg, Zn, Au, Ag and like metals in tetrachloroaluminatesand Cu and Cd in tetrafluoroborate ionic liqs. (EMIBF4 + EMICI, where EMI= 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazollum), application of ionic liqs. in chem. currentsources, immobilization (e.g., of EMICF3SO3, EMIBF4 or BMIPF6) in hexafluoropropylene-polyfluorovinylidene copolymer, and formation of stable colloids in ionic liqs. CAN 137:146001; AN 2002:362404 CA PLUS TI Multiinstrument Study of the Electrophoretic Mobility of Quartz. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Maczka, Edward; Janusz, Wladyslaw; Rosenholm,Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2002), 250(1), 99-103. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB The electrophoretic mobility of quartz in 0.01 mol dm-3 NaCl andNaNO3 over the pH range 2-8 was studied using five different com. instruments. The mobilities over the pH range 4-8 were relatively consistent, but the mobilitiesover the pH range 2-4 and the position of the isoelec. point IEP varied fromone instrument to another. This result suggests that the discrepancies inthe apparent IEP of quartz (and other silicas) reported in the literatureare due to the instrument artifacts. CAN 138:16826; AN 2002:692088 CA PLUS TI The pH-dependent surface charging and the points of zero charge. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2002), 253(1), 77-87. CODEN: JCISA5; ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Academic DT Journal LA English AB A review. The recently published points of zero charge of metal oxidesand related materials are compiled to update the previous compilation (M.Kosmulski, 2001). The purity of materials is the most important factorresponsible for discrepancies in the literature data. In contrast tothe success of new spectroscopic methods in the studies of specific adsorption,the progress in studies of primary surface charging of oxides over recentyears is less spectacular. CAN 138:112993; AN 2002:775126 CA PLUS TI The significance of the points of zero charge of zirconium (hydr)oxide reportedin the literature. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology (2002), 23(4), 529-538. CODEN: JDTEDS; ISSN: 0193-2691 PB Dekker DT Journal LA English AB The points of zero charge (PZC) of zirconium (hydr)oxide reported in theliterature range from 4 to 8.6. A set of seventy-six PZC of zirconium(hydr)oxide was used to explore the effect of the origin and cryst. structureon the one hand and of the choice of the exptl. method on the other. The av. and median PZC was found at pH 6.5 when the entire data set was takeninto account. Among the synthetic samples, monoclinic zirconium oxidehas substantially higher PZC than other crystallog. forms of zirconium oxide,mixts. of different forms, and amorphous zirconium (hydr)oxide (or samplesof unknown structure). But with com. available samples, the effectof the cryst. form on the PZC was rather insignificant. The PZC obtainedby means of titrn. (the common intersection point [CIP] of titrn. curvesfor three or more ionic strengths is identified with the PZC) and the PZCobtained by means of electroacoustic methods are substantially higher thanthe IEP from classical electrokinetic measurements. Interestingly,a few PZC of zirconium oxide obtained as matching CIP and IEP are very scattered,thus their significance as the "most reliable PZC" is rather limited. CAN 138:193787; AN 2002:912077 CA PLUS TI The significance of the difference in the point of zero charge between rutileand anatase. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2002), 99(3), 255-264. CODEN: ACISB9; ISSN: 0001-8686 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The points of zero charge (PZC) of titanium dioxide reported in the literaturerange from 2 to 8.9. A set of 138 PZC of titanium dioxide was usedto explore the effect of the cryst. structure on the PZC. The av. andmedian PZC at pH 5.6 and 5.8, resp., was found when the entire data set wastaken into account. The PZC of anatase (31 entries, av. and median5.9 and 6, resp.) is slightly higher than that of rutile (49 entries, av.and median 5.4 and 5.5, resp.), and the difference between the polymorphscorresponds to half of a std. deviation in each set of PZC. CAN 138:274173; AN 2003:25931 CA PLUS TI Point of zero charge of a corundum-water interface probed with optical secondharmonic generation (SHG) and atomic force microscopy (AFM): new approachesto oxide surface charge. Comment. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (2003), 67(2), 319-320. CODEN: GCACAK; ISSN: 0016-7037 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB A polemic with A.G. Stack, et al (2001). There is no need to revisethe generally accepted position of the PZC of alumina. The discrepanciesin results may be attributed to limitations of the second harmonic generationmethod. CAN 138:308719; AN 2003:50638 CA PLUS TI Electrokinetic potentials of mineral oxides and calcium carbonate in artificialseawater. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Maczka, Edward; Marczewska-Boczkowska,Krystyna; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Marine Pollution Bulletin (2003), 46(1), 120-122. CODEN: MPNBAZ; ISSN: 0025-326X PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Electroacoustic method was used to measure the z potentials of mineral oxidesand calcium carbonate in artificial sea water (pH 8), and the following valueswere obtained: synthetic hematite: 0.87 mV; goethite: 1.01 mV; fumed silica:-3.56 mV; quartz: -1.38 mV; calcium carbonate: 1.91 mV. The abs. valuesof the z potentials obtained in the present study are substantially lowerthan the z potentials in seawater reported by other authors. Our resultsindicate that the effect of electrostatic repulsion in the interactions betweenthe particles of these materials in seawater is negligible. CAN 139:58394; AN 2003:264854 CA PLUS TI Synthesis and characterization of goethite and goethite-hematite composite:experimental study and literature survey. AU Kosmulski,Marek; Maczka, Edward; Jartych, Elzbieta; Rosenholm, Jarl. B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2003), 103(1), 57-76. CODEN: ACISB9; ISSN: 0001-8686 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Aging of synthetic goethite at 140 °C overnight leads to a compositematerial in which hematite is detectable by Mossbauer spectroscopy, but X-raydiffraction does not reveal any hematite peaks. The pristine pointof zero charge (PZC) of synthetic goethite was found at pH 9.4 as the commonintersection point of potentiometric titrn. curves at different ionic strengthsand the isoelec. point (IEP). For the goethite-hematite composite,the common intersection point (pH 9.4), and the IEP (pH 8.8) do not match. The electrokinetic potential of goethite at ionic strengths up to 1 mol dm-3was detd. Unlike metal oxides, for which the electrokinetic potentialis reversed to pos. over the entire pH range at sufficiently high ionic strength,the IEP of goethite is rather insensitive to the ionic strength. Aliterature survey of published PZC/IEP values of iron oxides and hydroxidesindicated that the av. PZC/IEP does not depend on the degree of hydration(oxide or hydroxide). Our material showed a higher PZC and IEP thanmost published results. The present results confirm the allegationthat electroacoustic measurements produce a higher IEP than the av. IEP obtainedby means of classical electrokinetic methods. CAN 139:219966; AN 2003:437296 CA PLUS TI Multilaboratory study of the shifts in the IEP of anatase at high ionic strengths. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Dukhin, Andrei S.; Priester, Torsten; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Nadbystrzycka 38A, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2003), 263(1), 152-155. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The z-potentials of anatase at pH 2-11 in 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mol dm-3 NaI were studied using the DT 1200 in three labs. At [NaI]=1 mol dm-3 the z-potentials were pos. over the entire pH range. The previously obsd. tendency of the isoelec. point of anatase to shift to high pH at high ionic strength (M. Kosmulski, J.B. Rosenholm, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 11681) and the salt specificity of this effect were confirmed. The z-potentials obtained in different labs. using DT 1200 are consistent within 3 mV. AN 2003:575902 CA PLUS TI A collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Electrokinetic Phenomena Cracow, Poland, August 18-22, 2002. AU Adamczyk, Zbigniew; Kosmulski, Marek. CS Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Niezapominajek 8, Krakow, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2003), 222(1-3), 1-4. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English CAN 139:370927; AN 2003:575914 CA PLUS TI A literature survey of the differences between the reported isoelectric points and their discussion. AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38 A, Lublin, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2003), 222(1-3), 113-118. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Different aspects of discrepancies in the pristine point of zero charge PZC and pristine isoelec. point IEP of materials having the same chem. formula are discussed. A multiinstrument study of the IEP of alumina gave a consistent IEP. The values of electrokinetic potential of two silicas at pH>4 detd. by six different zetameters were also relatively consistent. On the other hand, different zetameters produce an IEP of silica ranging from <2 (if any) to about 4. The instruments producing high IEP for fumed silica give also a high value for quartz. Anal. of the PZC and IEP of titanium, aluminum and iron oxides and hydrous oxides reported in the literature gave a nearly Gaussian distribution for each type of materials. There was no systematic effect of the cryst. form (e.g. rutile vs. anatase) and degree of hydration (e.g. FeOOH) on the position of the IEP, and the IEP confirmed by other methods (e.g. potentiometric titrn.) fall in relatively narrow pH range for titanium, aluminum and iron oxides. This suggests that the outstanding results reported in some publications are due to insufficient purity of materials or other exptl. errors rather than to actual differences in the surface properties of the samples studied. In contrast, the distribution of PZC/IEP reported in the literature for various samples of zirconium oxide is rather broad, and it does not assume a Gaussian shape. Even the PZC obtained as matching values of IEP and common intersection point of titrn. curves are very scattered for zirconia. Apparently the cryst. form for com. available zirconias has no systematic effect on their PZC/IEP, but synthetic monoclinic zirconia has a substantially higher PZC/IEP than other samples of zirconia. The shift in the IEP of oxides at high ionic strengths (>0.1 mol dm-3) to high pH was detected using two different instruments based on quite different principles of operation. The shift in the IEP is accompanied by the shift in the max. in the viscosity vs. pH curves. The salt specificity, namely, substantial shift in the IEP for small cations and large anions, and rather insignificant shift for large cations and small anions is obsd. for different solids. Probably specific adsorption of small cations is caused by interactions in soln. rather than ion-surface interactions. CAN 139:370317; AN 2003:575915 CA PLUS TI Electrokinetic study of specific adsorption of cations on synthetic goethite. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Saneluta, Czeslaw; Maczka, Edward. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2003), 222(1-3), 113-118. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The sign of the electrokinetic potential of goethite in the presence of 10-4 mol dm-3 of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is pos. over the entire pH range. The same concn. of La cations induces a shift in the IEP of goethite to high pH by one pH unit. The influence of divalent metal cations (Zn, Ca) on the IEP of goethite is negligible. Probably the adsorption of one divalent metal cation on goethite is accompanied by release of two protons. Thus, the net elec. charge within the slipping plane is not affected by the adsorption and this explains the absence of a shift in the IEP. CAN 139:139178; AN 2003:592056 CA PLUS TI The electrokinetic potentials of oxides in mixed water-1-propanol solvent. AU Kosmulski, M.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio AA: Chemia (2002), 57 249-258. CODEN: AUMCD7 ISSN: 0137-6853. PB UMCS DT Journal LA English AB The effect of the solvent (water vs. mixed solvent 70% water + 30% 1-propanol, mass fraction) on the electrokinetic potential of oxides was studied at NaNO3 concns. of 0.1 and 0.01 mol dm-3. Only with anatase and indium oxide the IEP was shifted to high pH in the mixed solvent at high ionic strength. The IEP of rutile, and of niobium and tantalum oxides was rather insensitive to the solvent compn. The neg. z potentials of all oxides were depressed in the presence of 1-propanol, but for silica and tantalum oxide, this effect was substantial only at NaNO3 concn. of 0.1 mol dm-3. The pos. branch of electrokinetic curves was less sensitive to the admixt. of 1-propanol. CAN 139:341169; AN 2003:597882 CA PLUS TI The effect of pressure on the sorption/precipitation of metal cations, and its possible role in spontaneous removal of heavy metal cations from sea water. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Maczka, Edward. . CS P.O. Box 189, Department of Electrochemistry, Technical University of Lublin, Lublin, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2003), 223(1-3), 195-199. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The actual concn. of heavy metals in seawater is low compared with the amt. delivered on the one hand, and with satd. soln. of sparingly sol. hydroxides and salts on the other. We show that the high pressure on the ocean floor induces dissoln. of sparingly sol. metal hydroxides and release of metal cations pre-sorbed on Fe hydrous oxides. The concn. of divalent cations of a heavy metal in equil. with the metal hydroxide at a 5-Km depth is 4 times higher than on the ocean surface (at atm. pressure, and otherwise the same conditions), and this result is practically independent of the nature of the heavy metal. The solid particles, which are brought from the surface onto the ocean floor by sedimentation or by thermohaline circulation are potential carriers of heavy metals. The heavy metals bound by the solid particles at atm. pressure can be mobilized at sufficiently high pressures and then built into the marine ferromanganese nodules or bottom sediment. CAN 140:293284; AN 2003:908027 CA PLUS TI A Collection of Papers Presented at the International Symposium on Electrokinetic Phenomena held 28-22 August 2002 in Cracow, Poland. [In: Colloids Surf., A, 2003; 222(1-3)]. AU Adamczyk, Zbigniew; Kosmulski, Marek; Editors. SO Neth. (2003), 354 pp. PB Elsevier DT Book LA English CAN 140:223857; AN 2004:105135 CA PLUS TI Dilatometric study of the adsorption of heavy metal cations on goethite. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Maczka, Edward. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Langmuir (2004), 20(6), 2320-2323. CODEN: LANGD5 ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB The sp. vols. of adsorption of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn on goethite detd. by the dilatometric method are 21, 32, 32, 31, 31, and 42 cm3/mol, resp., and are independent of pH. The effect of NaCl (?0.5 mol dm-3) on the sp. vol. of adsorption is rather insignificant. The sp. vol. of pptn. of corresponding hydroxides (detd. exptl. and calcd.) is ?60 cm3/mol. Apparently, the adsorbed heavy metal cations lose half of their hydration water. The adsorption const. decreases as the pressure increases, and the effect becomes significant at pressures of >107 Pa, i.e., more than 1 km of water column. CAN 140:223774; AN 2004:122467 CA PLUS TI Morphology of synthetic goethite particles. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Durand-Vidal, Serge; Maczka, Edward; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2004), 271(2), 261-269. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The sp. surface area of synthetic goethite depends on the prepn.: the Fe(III):OH ratio, the rate of base titrn. of Fe salt, and the temp. and time of crystn. The crystals also have different morphologies as detd. by SEM or TEM. C coating is used to improve the quality of SEM images of nonconducting specimens. Needle-like goethite particles become substantially thicker in the course of std. carbon coating, and the length-to-width ratio obtained for carbon-coated particles is lower than that for the original goethite particles. The morphol. of the goethite particles was also studied by tapping mode AFM. CAN 140:310374; AN 2004:189436 CA PLUS TI Thermal stability of low temperature ionic liquids revisited. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Gustafsson, Jan; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Thermochimica Acta (2004), 412(1-2), 47-53. CODEN: THACAS ISSN: 0040-6031. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The range of thermal stability of low temp. ionic liqs. published in the literature (often >400?C) is severely overrated. The decompn. temp. calcd. from fast TGA scans in a protective atm. does not imply a long-term thermal stability below that temp. Even at temps. as low at 200?C, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium phosphates (alkyl = C4-C10) and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate showed a slow, but appreciable mass loss. On the other hand, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate was stable at 200?C. The carbonization occurred in most studied salts irresp. of the nature of the anion (hexafluorophosphate, triflate), but the salts with a shorter side chain (C4) did not show changes in their color after conditioning for 10 h at 200?C in air. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate shows extremely good wettability against aluminum oxide and silver at elevated temps. The addn. of silica (amorphous or quartz) accelerates the thermal decompn. of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium phosphates and triflates at 200?C, while the effect of other ceramic powders (titania, alumina) is less significant. CAN 141:129309 AN 2004:416765 CA PLUS TI pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge II. Update. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2004), 275(1), 214-224. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Recently published PZC (points of zero charge) of metal oxides and related materials are compiled to update the previous compilations (M. Kosmulski, Chem. Properties of Material Surfaces, Dekker, New York, 2001; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 253 (2002) 77). The electroacoustic method has been widely used; it has become a std. tool, and it has proved to produce IEP (isoelec. points) comparable with those obtained by means of classical electrokinetic methods. The recently published numerical values of PZC/IEP of various materials corroborate the old results, with one exception: the PZC of magnetite found at pH 8 is substantially higher than the values reported in the old literature. New approaches to the electrokinetics of sparingly sol. salts have recently been proposed; e.g., the hysteresis in electrokinetic curves of (nominally) BaTiO3 has been interpreted in terms of changes in the surface stoichiometry caused by leaching. CAN 141:129333 AN 2004:416781 CA PLUS TI Electroacoustics in low-temperature ionic liquids. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Gustafsson, Jan; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2004), 275(1), 317-321. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Titanium dioxide was used as a model colloid to demonstrate the possibility of obtaining reliable values of the electrophoretic mobility in low-temp. ionic liqs. Mobilities as low as -0.98?0.16?10-10 and -1.25?0.33?10-10 m2 V-1 s-1 were found in dry and wet 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate, resp. These values are lower by two orders of magnitude than typical mobilities in stable aq. dispersions due to a high viscosity of the ionic liqs. CAN 143:48458 AN 2004:640013 CA PLUS TI The effect of pressure on the sorption of heavy metal cations on goethite. AU Maczka, Edward; Kosmulski, Marek. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Wissenschaftliche Berichte - Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (2004), (FZKA 6986), 94-96. CODEN: WBFKF5 ISSN: 0947-8620. PB FZK DT Report LA English AB The dilatometric pressure effect on adsorption of heavy metal cations on synthetic goethite was studied. The sp. vol. of sorption of divalent metal cations on goethite of .apprx.40 cm3/mol was substantially higher than for other metal. The effect of pH and inert electrolyte on the results of dilatometric expts. was rather insignificant. The sp. vol. of pptn. of hydroxides of divalent heavy metals is .apprx.60 cm3/mol. Since the dilatometric effects are chiefly due to the difference in specific d. between the hydration H2O on the one hand and bulk H2O on the other, the results can be used to est. the degree of dehydration in the adsorption process. Probably metal cations adsorbed on goethite loose .apprx.1/2 of their hydration H2O, and this roughly matches the degree of dehydration calcd. from x-ray absorption spectroscopy. CAN 142:100949 AN 2004:938792 CA PLUS TI Point of zero charge/isoelectric point of exotic oxides: Tl2O3. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Saneluta, Czeslaw. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2004), 280(2), 544-545. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The pristine point of zero charge of Tl2O3 detd. in the presence of NaNO3 using the inert electrolyte titrn. method and confirmed by microelectrophoresis is at pH 7.9. CAN 143:104051 AN 2004:940166 CA PLUS TI High ionic strength electrokinetics of anatase in the presence of multivalent inorganic ions. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2004), 248(1-3), 121-126. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Shifts in the IEP of anatase induced by various combinations of 1:1 electrolytes (at concn. of 0.5 mol dm-3) and multivalent ions (concns. in millimolar range) were studied. The high ionic strength enhanced the shift in the IEP of anatase to high pH induced by specific adsorption of Ba and suppressed the shift in the IEP of anatase to low pH induced by specific adsorption of phosphate. The z potential of anatase at pH 3-5 is nearly zero in the presence of 0.01 mol dm-3 of sulfate at low ionic strength, but it assumes a pos. value Ł15 mV in the presence of 0.5 mol dm-3 NaI at otherwise the same conditions. Apparently, the contribution of 1:1 electrolytes to the surface charging at high ionic strengths is not mere neutralization of the proton charge. CAN 142:120899 AN 2004:1042086 CA PLUS TI High ionic strength electrokinetics. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2004), 112(1-3), 93-107. CODEN: ACISB9 ISSN: 0001-8686. PB Elsevier DT Journal; General Review LA English A review. The electrokinetic potentials at high ionic strengths can be measured by electroacoustic method. The reported values are surprisingly high: Ł25 mV in 1 mol dm-3 1:1 electrolyte soln. The isoelec. point (IEP) of metal oxides in concd. solns. of 1:1 electrolytes shifts to substantially higher pH values with respect to the pristine value, although these electrolytes are inert at low concn. The shift in the IEP is salt-specific, and it is correlated with the hard-soft character of the anion and of the cation. CAN 143:180209 AN 2005:84328 CA PLUS TI Electrokinetics of anatase in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate AU Kosmulski, Marek; Granqvist, Bjoern; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2005), 254(1-3), 179-182. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Anatase shows a pos. electrophoretic mobility of 3 ´ 10-10 m2 V-1 s-1 in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate. The mobility is rather insensitive to the presence of chloride, silver, or silver chloride anionic complex. CAN 143:273216 AN 2005:582184 CA PLUS TI The Surface Charging at Low Density of Protonatable Surface Sites. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Langmuir (2005), 21(16), 7421-7426. CODEN: LANGD5 ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB The point of zero charge (PZC) of a sparingly sol. metal oxide depends on the d. of protonatable surface oxygen atoms. The shift in the PZC is due to protonation/deprotonation of water in the regions free of protonatable surface oxygen atoms originating from the solid. The PZC of alumina increases when the d. of protonatable surface oxygen atoms increases. In contrast, the PZC of titania is rather insensitive to the d. of protonatable surface oxygen atoms. In surfaces of many materials the regions free of protonatable surface oxygen atoms dominate. These materials have a PZC at pH about 4. CAN 144:12236 AN 2005:1047279 CA PLUS TI Low-temperature ionic liquids immobilized in porous alumina. AU Kosmulski, M.; Szafran, M.; Saneluta, C.; Marczewska-Boczkowska, K. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2005), 291(1), 214-217. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The pores in an Al oxide matrix can be completely filled with 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, triflates, and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides. This possibility can be used to produce solid electrolytes for batteries and fuel cells. AN 2005:1050070 CA PLUS TI Electroacoustics and electroosmosis in low temperature ionic liquids. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B.; Saneluta, Czeslaw; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2005), 267(1-3), 16-18. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electroacoustic method made it possible to study electrokinetic phenomena at high ionic strengths. Interestingly, the z potential does not cease at ionic strengths as high as 3 M in aq. systems. Here, we show that also in low temp. ionic liqs. the electrokinetic phenomena do exist. Dispersions of anatase in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (alkyl = Bu, hexyl, octyl or decyl) trifluoromethanesulfonates, hexafluorophosphates, and mixed tetrafluoroborate-chloride ionic liqs. were studied. These ionic liqs. are molten salts at room temp., and they can be considered as about 3 M salt solns. in the absence of solvent. The electrokinetic potential of anatase detd. by means of the electroacoustic method was neg. for all ionic liqs. studied, although for a few ionic liqs. the std. deviation in a series of 20 consecutive measurements was higher than the abs. value. Absorption of moisture by the ionic liqs. has rather insignificant effect on the electrokinetic potential of anatase. Electroosmosis in specimens of porous alumina satd. with ionic liqs. was studied, and the electrokinetic charge of alumina was also neg. CAN 143:411611 AN 2005:1166684 CA PLUS TI Chemical Properties of Material Surfaces. [In: Surfactant Sci. Ser., 2001; 102]. AU Kosmulski, Marek SO (2001), 753 pp. PB Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N. Y. DT Book LA English CAN 144:95118 AN 2005:1191496 CA PLUS TI Measurement and interpretation of electrokinetic phenomena: (IUPAC technical report). AU Delgado, A. V.; Gonzalez-Caballero, F.; Hunter, R. J.; Koopal, L. K.; Lyklema, J.; Alkafeef, S.; Chibowski, E.; Grosse, C.; Dukhin, A. S.; Dukhin, S. S.; Furusawa, K.; Jack, R.; Kallay, N.; Kaszuba, M.; Kosmulski, M.; Noremberg, R.; O'Brien, R. W.; Ribitsch, V.; Shilov, V. N.; Simon, F.; Werner, C.; Zhukov, A.; Zimmermann, R. CS University of Granada, Granada, Spain. SO Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005), 77(10), 1753-1805. CODEN: PACHAS ISSN: 0033-4545. PB International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review. In this report, the status quo and recent progress in electrokinetics are presented. Practical rules are recommended for performing electrokinetic measurements and interpreting their results in terms of well-defined quantities, the most familiar being the z-potential or electrokinetic potential. This potential is a property of charged interfaces, and it should be independent of the technique used for its detn. However, often the z-potential is not the only property electrokinetically characterizing the elec. state of the interfacial region; the excess cond. of the stagnant layer is an addnl. parameter. The requirement to obtain the z-potential is that electrokinetic theories be correctly used and applied within their range of validity. Basic theories and their application ranges are discussed. A thorough description of the main electrokinetic methods is given; special attention is paid to their ranges of applicability as well as to the validity of the underlying theor. models. Electrokinetic consistency tests are proposed in order to assess the validity of the z-potentials obtained. The recommendations given in the report apply mainly to smooth and homogeneous solid particles and plugs in aq. systems; some attention is paid to nonaq. media and less ideal surfaces. CAN 144:181355 AN 2005:1223906 CA PLUS TI Electric properties of composite materials based on porous ceramics and low temperature ionic liquids. AU ). Kosmulski, M.; Szafran, M.; Zukowski, P.; Marczewska-Boczkowska, K.; Kozak, Cz.; Saneluta, Cz. CS Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio AA: Chemia (2005), 60 328-335. CODEN: AUMCD7 ISSN: 0137-6853. PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej DT Journal LA English AB Composite materials were obtained by satn. of pores of a monolithic porous ceramic matrix with low temp. ionic liqs. Tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, and triflates (trifluoromethanesulfonates) of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (alkyl=butyl, hexyl, octyl or decyl) were studied. The above ionic liqs. have a broad electrochem. window (up to 5.5 V), and the electrochem. window of the composite materials is even broader. The cond. of the ionic liqs. is approx. proportional to their reciprocal viscosity. The composites (porous material with porosity of 27 %) show a cond. only slightly lower than the corresponding ionic liq. with a few exceptions. CAN 145:153324 AN 2006:458302 CA PLUS TI pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. AU ). Kosmulski, M. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2006), 298(2), 730-741. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The recently published points of zero charge (PZC) of various materials are compiled to update previous compilations [M. Kosmulski, Chem. Properties of Material Surfaces, Dekker, New York, 2001; M. Kosmulski, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 253(2002) 77; M. Kosmulski, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275(2004) 214]. The recent results corroborate the previously found PZC with a few exceptions. The PZC of alumina obtained from the 2nd-harmonic generation response is substantially lower than the PZC obtained by std. methods, while for TiO2 the difference is less significant. PZC of Tl2O3 at pH 7.9 was reported for the 1st time. A surprisingly insignificant temp. effect on the IEP of rutile was found. Recent model studies aimed at explanation of the effect of the nature of 1-1 electrolytes on charging curves and of discrepancies in the PZC of different materials having the same chem. formula are summarized. CAN 145:364264 AN 2006:726738 CA PLUS TI Numerical values of the electrokinetic potentials of anatase at high concentration of NaI. AU ). Kosmulski, M.; Granqvist, Bjoern; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Lublin University of Technology , Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2006), 301(1), 310-314. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of anatase (TiO2) in 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mol dm-3 NaI was studied by AcoustoSizer 1, AcoustoSizer 2 and DT-1200. Different stirring modes were studied for DT-1200. The increase in the electrolyte concn. produced a shift in the IEP of anatase to higher pH, and for 1 mol dm-3 NaI there was no IEP at all, and the electrokinetic potential was pos. over the entire pH range. The shifts in the IEP obsd. by different instruments were qual. consistent. However, the numerical values of the electrokinetic potentials of anatase at high concn. of NaI at low pH obtained by AcoustoSizer 2 were substantially higher than those obtained by DT-1200. The discrepancies in the numerical values of the electrokinetic potentials obtained by different instruments increase as the ionic strength increases. The procedure of correction for the electroacoustic signal of the electrolyte is probably the main source of the discrepancies between DT-1200 and AcoustoSizer at high ionic strengths. The difference in the efficiency of mixing in different stirring modes plays rather insignificant role in the obsd. discrepancies. CAN 145:404868 AN 2006:802822 CA PLUS TI High ionic strength electrokinetics of melamine-formaldehyde latex. AU ). Kosmulski, M.; Dahlsten, Per; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2006), 301(2), 538-541. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of melamine-formaldehyde latex at high ionic strengths was measured by means of two different instruments. The present study confirms that the z potentials in 1 M 1-1 electrolyte solns. can be as high as ±20 mV. The IEP of latex at low ionic strengths was at pH 11. The increase in the electrolyte concn. induced a shift in the IEP to low pH for all studied salts, and this indicates specific adsorption of the anions. The magnitude of the shift depends chiefly on the nature of the anion and increases in the series Cl < NO3 = Br < I, and the nature of the cation (Li, Na, K, Cs) plays a rather insignificant role. AN 2006:1216606 CA PLUS TI Preface. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Linden, Mika; Peltonen, Jouko. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2006), 291(1-3), 1-2. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English CAN 147:285892 AN 2006:1216606 CA PLUS TI High ionic strength electrokinetics of clay minerals. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Dahlsten, Per. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2006), 291(1-3), 212-218. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of kaolin and montmorillonite at high ionic strengths (up to 2 M of 1-1 electrolyte) was measured as a function of pH by means of three instruments. The present results indicate that the electrokinetic potential does not cease at high ionic strengths. Potassium and cesium salts induced a shift in the IEP of kaolin to high pH. Similar shifts were obsd. for montmorillonite, but only in the presence of cesium. The increase in 1-1 electrolyte concn. resulted in depression of the abs. value of the z potential of kaolin and montmorillonite at neutral and basic pH. However, z potentials at high ionic strengths were surprisingly high in the abs.value. Namely, the neg. z potentials up to -20 mV were measured in 1 M solns. of Li and Na salts. CAN 146:532051 AN 2007:339056 CA PLUS TI New ceramic-carbon composites for electrodes for electrochemical capacitors. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Skubiszewska-Zieba, Jadwiga; Leboda, Roman; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna; Prochniak, Piotr. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2007), 309(1), 160-168. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB A new class of composite materials is introduced. Fine powders of SiO2, TiO2, Y-modified zirconia, and 3 types of alumina were pressed and sintered to form porous monoliths with relatively uniform pore structure. C was then deposited in the pores of such monoliths by thermal decompn. of CH2Cl2, cyclohexene, and glucose. The structure of the C deposit was studied by low-temp. nitrogen adsorption and by thermal anal. The composite materials were used as electrodes in electrochem. capacitors with 1-Et-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate (a low-temp. ionic liq.) as the electrolyte. High capacitances were obsd. for glucose-derived materials, which had high sp. surface areas. AN 2007:369886 CA PLUS TI How should publication impact be evaluated? AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Politech. Lubelska, Lublin, Pol. SO Przemysl Chemiczny (2007), 86(3), 168, 170. CODEN: PRCHAB ISSN: 0033-2496 PB Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT DT Journal; Letter LA Polish CAN 148:40406 AN 2007:479111 CA PLUS TI Electrokinetics at high ionic strengths: Alumina. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Dahlsten, Per; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2007), 301(1-3), 425-431. CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757. PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB Electrophoresis was used to study zeta potentials of alpha-alumina in the presence of the following electrolytes: LiI, LiNO3, NaCl, NaBr, NaNO3, KCl, KNO3, CsCl, at concns. <2 M. Unexpectedly high values of the zeta potentials (>20 mV) were found at pH 4 in 1 M solns. of these electrolytes. The results obtained at pH >9 in the presence of 1 and 2 M solns. of lithium salts suggest a shift in the IEP to high pH, which is analogous to a shift obsd. by electroacoustic method. CAN 147:351324 AN 2007:766407 CA PLUS TI Electrokinetic studies of metal oxides in the presence of alkali trichloroacetates, trifluoroacetates, and trifluoromethanesulfonates. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Dahlsten, Per; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2007), 313(1), 202-206. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potentials of anatase (TiO2) and alpha-alumina were studied by various instruments in the presence of Na and K trichloroacetates, trifluoroacetates, and trifluoromethanesulfonates at various pH, ionic strengths, and solid-to-liq. ratios. At concns. up to 0.01M, these salts do not induce substantial shifts in the isoelec. point of the oxides. Such behavior is typical of inert electrolytes. CAN 148:18535 AN 2007:1098960 CA PLUS TI Mixed electrolytes producing very weak electroacoustic signal AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO J.Colloid Interface Sci. (2007), 315(2), 493-499. CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of powders dispersed in concd. solns. of salts can be detd. by electroacoustic methods when the ESA (electrokinetic sonic amplitude) signal of electrolyte is properly cor. for. The authors propose an alternative soln. to the problem of electroacoustic measurements at high ionic strengths; i.e., the compn. of mixed electrolytes with common ions can be adjusted to minimize the ESA signal of the electrolyte. The measurement of electrokinetic potential of powders dispersed in such mixed electrolytes does not require electrolyte background correction. Mixed electrolytes, which produce very weak ESA signals, were prepd. from the following salts with common ions: Li+ (LiNO3 + LiCl), Na+ (NaNO3 + NaBr), K+ (KBr + KNO3), and NO-3 (LiNO3 + KNO3). Proportions of the components in these mixed electrolytes are concn. dependent. The electrokinetic potentials of alumina in these mixed electrolytes detd. with and without background correction were only marginally different. PubMed ID 17388757 AN 2007187784 TI The Emperor's new clothes AU Kosmulski Marek SO Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) (2007), 13(2), 185-6. Journal code: 9508124. ISSN:1075-5535 PB Mary Ann Liebert DT Letter LA English AN 2008:303023 CA PLUS TI Permittivities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates and hexafluorophosphates AU Kosmulski, Marek; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna; Zukowski, Pawel; Subocz, Jan; Saneluta, Czeslaw CS Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Croatica Chemica Acta (2007), 80(3-4), 461-466. CODEN: CCACAA ISSN: 0011-1643 PB Croatian Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB Permittivities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, and tetrafluoroborate-chloride mixts. (alkyl = Bu, hexyl, octyl or decyl) were detd. from the capacitance of a specially designed capacitor, which was measured as the function of frequency over the range from 0.001 Hz to 5 MHz. The measurement setup was tested against mol. liqs. Water and methanol gave relatively stable results, which comply with the permittivities known from the literature over a frequency range from 30 kHz to 3 MHz. The apparent permittivity measured at lower frequencies was highly overestimated. With low-temp. ionic liqs., the plateau in the apparent permittivity as the function of frequency was narrower, and it was obsd. between 1 and 3 MHz. Yet, the apparent permittivities in the plateau region are still overestimated, at least for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts. AN 2008:728808 CA PLUS TI Studies of the electrokinetic potential by an electroacoustic method AU Kosmulski, Marek. CS Zakl. Elektrochem., Wydz. Elektrotech. i Inf., Politech. Lubelska, Lublin, Pol. SO Przemysl Chemiczny (2008), 87(4), 381-383. CODEN: PRCHAB ISSN: 0033-2496 PB Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT DT Journal LA Polish AB An aq. dispersion of com. ZrO2 (9% by mass) was studied by the electroacoustic method at varying pH 4-10 to det. the electrokinetic potential of the solid particles. The iso-elec. point was at. pH 5.8. Fundamentals of the electroacoustic method were briefly outlined. AN 2008:903121 CA PLUS TI Advanced analysis of SEM images of carbon-ceramic composites AU Rozniatowski, Krzysztof; Kosmulski, Marek CS Faculty of Materials Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Pol. SO Adsorption Science & Technology (2007), 25(7), 473-478. CODEN: ASTEEZ ISSN: 0263-6174 PB Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd. DT Journal LA English AB Carbon deposits obtained by the pyrolysis of cyclohexene and of glucose in the pores of porous monoliths of alumina and Y-modified zirconia consist of randomly distributed insulated islands. This explains their relatively low elec. conductance. A tesselation method was applied to quantify the distribution of carbon deposits in the ceramic matrix. AN 2008:957374 CA PLUS TI Wladyslaw Karol Rudzinski born August 31, 1942 in Zarzecze, Poland AU Kosmulski, Marek; Narkiewicz-Michalek, Jolanta; Borowko, Malgorzata CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Adsorption Science & Technology (2007), 25(6), 343-345 CODEN: ASTEEZ ISSN: 0263-6174 PB Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd. DT Journal; Editorial LA English 2009:155838 CA PLUS TI Electrochemical study of corrosion of copper in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates AU Marczewska-Boczkowska, K.; Kosmulski, M.; Olchowik, J. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio AA: Chemia (2008), 63 211-222 CODEN: AUMCD7 ISSN: 0137-6853 PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej DT Journal LA English AB Copper is resistive to corrosion in dry and chloride-free 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates at room temp., and the corrosion rate decreases with the chain length of the substituent in imidazolium ring and increases with the temp. The activation energies of corrosion are on the order of 50 kJ/mol. The corrosion in enhanced in the presence of traces of chlorides. AN 2009:447780 CA PLUS TI Letter: The IEP of Carbonate-Free Neodymium(III) Oxide AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Ĺbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology (2009), 30(5), 589-591. CODEN: JDTEDS ISSN: 0193-2691 PB Taylor & Francis, Inc. DT Journal LA English AN 2009:526593 CA PLUS TI Quantitative assessment of hysteresis in voltammetric curves of electrochemical capacitors. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Saneluta, Czeslaw. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Adsorption (2009), 15(2), 172-180 CODEN: ADSOFO ISSN: 0929-5607 PB Springer DT Journal LA English AB A family of coeffs. for quant. assessment of hysteresis in cyclic voltammetric (CV) curves of electrochem. capacitors and of electrodes for electrochem. capacitors has been defined. Hysteresis index 1 (HI1) is based on the max. in the difference in current measured at the same potential in ascending and descending branch of CV curve, and HI2 is based on the av. difference in current measured at the same potential in ascending and descending branch of CV curve. The values of HI1 and HI2 range from 0 (no hysteresis) to 1 for an ideal capacitor. CV curves of two com. available electrochem. capacitors over a potential range 0-1500 mV at scan rate of 5 mV/s showed HI1 of 0.94 and 0.97 and HI2 of 0.77 and 0.83, resp. At the same exptl. conditions, a series of 52 home made electrochem. capacitors showed HI1 up to 0.7 and HI2 up to 0.55. HI1 and HI2 measured at const. scan rate (5, 20 or 50 mV/s) in that series of capacitors showed a correlation coeff. >0.98 while HI1 and HI2 measured at different scan rates showed limited correlation. 98 CV curves of electrochem. capacitors and of electrodes for electrochem. capacitors from literature, obtained at various conditions show HI1 from 0.42 to 1, HI2 from 0.27 to 0.97, and a correlation coeff. of 0.90 between HI1 and HI2. AN 2009:526600 CA PLUS TI Editorial. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Choma, Jerzy; Nowak, Izabela CS Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Adsorption (2009), 15(2), 87-88 CODEN: ADSOFO ISSN: 0929-5607 PB Springer DT Journal; Miscellaneous LA English AN 2009:741376 CA PLUS TI Control of the Zeta Potential in Semiconcentrated Dispersions of Titania in Polar Organic Solvents. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2009), 113(29), 12806-12810 CODEN: JPCCCK ISSN: 1932-7447 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of com. titania powder (chiefly anatase) in its 1-10 mass % dispersions in water, lower aliph. alcs., and DMSO (DMSO) is pos., and rather insensitive to the nature of the solvent. The sign of the electrokinetic potential can be reversed to neg. by addn. of phosphoric acid, or of combination of phosphoric acid with triethylamine or with alkali hydroxide. The crit. concn. of surface-active compds., which induces a sign reversal, depends on the nature of the solvent, and it is higher in org. solvents than in water. The crit. surface concn. of surface-active compds. for given org. solvent is rather insensitive to the solid-to-liq. ratio, and typically it is in the range of a few micromoles per square meter. AN 2009:757183 CA PLUS TI Electroacoustic study of titania at high concentrations of 1-2, 2-1 and 2-2 electrolytes AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2009), 345(1-3), 106-111 CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potentials of titania were studied over a pH range 3-9 in the presence of alkali metal sulfates, alk. earth metal chlorides and MgSO4 at concns. up to 1 mol dm-3 by means of the electroacoustic method. The electrokinetic potentials measured at concns. of 0.1 mol dm-3 or higher of 1-2, 2-1 and 2-2 electrolytes were rather insensitive to the pH, and no IEP was obsd. Pos. electrokinetic potentials were obsd. in the presence of alk. earth metal chlorides and neg. electrokinetic potentials were obsd. in the presence of alkali metal sulfates and MgSO4. This result is consistent with specific adsorption of alk. earth metal cations and of sulfate anion on titania, which is also obsd. at lower ionic strengths. The present results indicate that the electrokinetic potential does not cease at ionic strengths of about 1 mol dm-3, as it might be expected from extrapolation of the trends obsd. at lower ionic strengths. AN 2009:897549 CA PLUS TI pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. IV. Update and new approach AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2009), 337(2), 439-448 CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The recently published points of zero charge (PZC) and isoelec. points (IEPs) of various materials are compiled to update the previous compilation [M. Kosmulski, Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009]. Unlike in previous compilations by the same author [Chem. Properties of Material Surfaces, Dekker, New York, 2001; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 253 (2002) 77; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 275 (2004) 214; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 298 (2006) 730], the materials are sorted not only by the chem. formula, but also by specific product, i.e., by brand name (com. available materials), and by recipe (home-synthesized materials). This new approach indicated that the relatively consistent PZC/IEP reported in the literature for materials having the same chem. formula are due to biased choice of specimens to be studied. Specimens which have PZC/IEP close to the "recommended" value are selected more often than other specimens (PZC/IEP not reported before or PZC/IEP reported, but different from the "recommended" value). Thus, the previously published PZC/IEP act as a self-fulfilling prophecy. AN 2009:906361 CA PLUS TI Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Editor. CS USA. SO [In: Surf. Sci. Ser., 2009; 145], 1092 pp. PB CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla. DT Book LA English CAN 151:457416 AN 2009:993445 CAPLUS TI Electrokinetic potentials of Al2O3 in concentrated solutions of metal sulfates AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2009), 338(1), 316-318 CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The zeta potentials of alumina (10% by mass dispersions) in 0.1-1 M solns. of metal sulfates were detd. by means of the electroacoustic method. The background correction was used to account for the electroacoustic signal of the electrolyte. The zeta potentials in the solns. of alkali sulfates were in the range from -8 to -19 mV. They were rather insensitive to the pH (4-9.5), and to the nature and concn. of the salt. In MgSO4 solns. (0.05-0.5 M, pH 4-8), the zeta potentials were also neg. (-3 to -9 mV) showing the preference of alumina to adsorb sulfate anions rather than magnesium cations. CAN 152:272277 AN 2009:1091926 CAPLUS TI Electrokinetic study of adsorption of ionic surfactants on titania from organic solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2009), 348(1-3), 298-300 CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier B.V DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic potential of titania was studied as a function of concn. of SDS, DOSS and CTMABr in a series of solvents. In water and 50-50 water-methanol mixt., which are the most polar studied solvents, the org. ion is adsorbed on titania and the small inorg. ion remains in soln. In hexane the adsorption behavior is reversed, i.e., the org. ion remains in soln. and the small inorg. ion is adsorbed on titania. The borderline between these two types of behavior corresponds to solvent dielec. const. of about 25. In solvents, which have a dielec. const. in this range (methanol and 1-propanol) the adsorption preferences vary from one surfactant to another. The affinities of the org. ion and of the small inorg. ion to the surface are often similar, and then none of the ionic components is preferentially adsorbed, and the electrokinetic potential is not affected. In such cases, ionic surfactants are not suitable as agents for regulation of zeta potential. CAN 151:559540 AN 2009:1177661 CAPLUS TI Electrokinetic behavior of melamine-formaldehyde latex particles at moderate electrolyte concentration AU Dahlsten, Per; Prochniak, Piotr; Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Center for Functional Material and Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2009), 339(2), 409-415 CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The electrokinetic behavior of micrometer-sized melamine-formaldehyde latex particles in 10-3-10-1 M monovalent electrolyte dispersions was investigated by electrophoresis and electroacoustics. Specific adsorption of the electrolytes was identified as a shift of the isoelec. point (pHiep) with an increased ionic strength. All salts had an equal dependence on the ionic strength. The pHiep was correlated with the anion sequence predicted by the hard-soft acid-base (HSAB) principle, Hofmeister series, and Born charging. The Born and the Hofmeister anion scale were successful in producing a systematic dependency of the isoelec. point (pHiep), particularly in high (10-1 M) and low (10-3 M) MF electrolyte dispersions. No clear trend could be found for the pHiep dependence on the anion HSAB scale. CAN 152:344360 AN 2009:1377193 CAPLUS TI Compilation of PZC and IEP of sparingly soluble metal oxides and hydroxides from literature. AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol SO Advances in Colloid and Interface Science (2009), 152(1-2), 14-25 CODEN: ACISB9 ISSN: 0001-8686 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB A review. The values of PZC and IEP of metal oxides reported in the literature are affected by the choice of the specimens to be studied. The specimens, which have PZC and IEP similar to the "recommended" value, are preferred by the scientists. The biased choice leads to accumulation of results for a few specimens, and the other specimens are seldom studied or they are subjected to washing procedures aimed at shift of the original IEP toward the "recommended" value. Taking the av. or median of all published PZC and IEP for certain oxide as the "recommended" value leads to substantiation of previously published results due to overrepresentation of certain specimens in the sample. CAN 152:119087 AN 2009:1462168 CAPLUS TI Surface-Induced Electrolytic Dissociation of Oxalic Acid in Polar Organic Solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B CS Center of Excellence at Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Langmuir (2010), 26(3), 1904-1909 CODEN: LANGD5 ISSN: 0743-7463 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB The presence of titania powder (chiefly anatase) enhanced electrolytic dissocn. of oxalic acid in lower aliph. alcs. (but not in water). The surface-induced dissocn. was manifested in enhanced elec. conductance of a dispersion contg. solvent, oxalic acid, and titania, which was substantially higher than the conductance of dispersion contg. only solvent and titania and of soln. of oxalic acid in that solvent. This phenomenon can be applied to control the electrokinetic potential of particles in polar org. solvents. CAN 151:556026 AN 2009:1501363 CAPLUS TI The effect of chloride and water on the corrosion of copper in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. AU Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna; Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Materials and Manufacturing Processes (2009), 24(10 & 11), 1173-1179 CODEN: MMAPET ISSN: 1042-6914 PB Taylor & Francis, Inc DT Journal LA English AB Cu is resistant to corrosion in dry and chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at room temp. (jcorr =1 uA/cm2), and the corrosion rate increases with the temp. and with the concn. of water and chloride (to 20 uA/cm2 in the presence of 0.87% of Cl-, and of 1.07% water). The activation energy of corrosion is 43.9 kJ/mol in dry and chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and it decreases with the water and chloride concn. The corrosion products contain boron, fluorine, carbon, and nitrogen, i.e., products of decompn. of the ionic liq. CAN 152:248382 AN 2009:1546519 CAPLUS TI Solvents, in which ionic surfactants do not affect the zeta potential. AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. SO Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2010), 342(1), 110-113 CODEN: JCISA5 ISSN: 0021-9797 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The influence of solvent polarity on adsorption behavior of DOSS (anionic surfactant) has been studied by means of electroacoustic method. DOSS substantially affected the zeta potential of titania and alumina dispersed in methanol and in hydrocarbons. In 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol, which have intermediate polarity between methanol and hydrocarbons, the effect of the ionic surfactant on the zeta potential of solid particles was less significant. AN 2010:121363 CAPLUS TI Zipf's law in concentration distributions AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio AA: Chemia (2009), 64 282-290 CODEN: AUMCD7 ISSN: 0137-6853. PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej, DT Journal LA English AB Concns. of impurities in fluids often follow Zipf's law, i.e., relatively few impurities occur at high concns. and numerous impurities occur at low concns. The concns. of compds. in air and of elements in ocean water are examples of such distributions. This principle can be used to predict the no. of components in a mixt., which occur above certain concn. level, also beyond the range of anal. methods. In most practical applications the existence of minor components can be ignored, but the level of concn., at which certain component can be ignored depends on the specific problem. AN 2010:342740 CAPLUS TI Model of surface charging of gas bubbles, hydrocarbon droplets, and similar materials AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO Abstracts of Papers, 239th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, March 21-25, 2010 (2010), GEOC-89. CODEN: 69MML8 PB American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C DT Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk LA English AB The pH-dependent surface charging of materials, which do not contain protonable oxygen atoms is due to the difference in hydration energy between proton and hydroxyl anion. Hydroxyl anions are preferentially adsorbed at pH 7, and this leads to neg. surface charge of gas bubbles, hydrocarbon droplets, etc. At very acidic pH, proton adsorption prevails, and the point of zero charge of such materials is at pH about 4. AN 2010:1145649 CAN 153:467064 CAPLUS TI Surface-induced electrolytic dissociation of weak acids in ethanol AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Maczka, Edward; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry Aabo Akademi University Aabo, Finland SO Journal of Physical Chemistry C Volume 114 Issue 41 Pages 17734-17740 2010 CODEN:JPCCCK ISSN: 1932-7447 PB American Chemical Society DT Journal LA English AB Pos. charged particles of metal oxides (alumina, hematite, and titania) enhance the electrolytic dissocn. of phosphoric, oxalic, citric, and succinic acids in 94% ethanol (by mass). This results in enhanced elec. conductance of dispersions of these oxides, which is higher than the conductance of dispersion contg. only solvent and metal oxide and of an alc. soln. of a weak acid. This phenomenon is accompanied by a shift of the ζ potential of the oxide particles to more neg. values. The changes in the ζ potential indicate strong pos. adsorption of anions from soln. AN 2010:1177762 CAPLUS TI Professor Andrzej Waksmundzki (1910-1998) AU Kosmulski, Marek; Narkiewicz-Michalek, Jolanta; Pawlik, Marek CS Lublin University of Technology Lublin, Pol. SO Adsorption Volume 16 Issue 4/5 Pages 183-184 2010 CODEN: ADSOFO ISSN: 0929-5607 PB Springer DT Journal; Biography LA English AB AN 2010:1177768 CAN 154:218470 CAPLUS TI Simple model of surface-induced electrolytic dissociation of weak acids in organic solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Graduate School of Materials Research at Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland SO Adsorption Volume 16 Issue 4/5 Pages 343-349 2010 CODEN: ADSOFO ISSN: 0929-5607 PB Springer DT Journal LA English AB The elec. cond. of solns. of oxalic and phosphoric acid (up to 0.025 M) in ethanol and methanol was studied in the presence of TiO2 (1-10% by mass). TiO2 enhanced the cond. of solns. of oxalic and phosphoric acid in the both alcs. The exptl. obsd. behavior was successfully modeled using a model with two types of surface sites. Sites of the first type bind the acids in mol. form. Sites of the second type bind the acids in form of hydrogen oxalate and dihydrogen phosphate anions, resp., and protons are released to the soln., and contribute to enhanced cond. The adsorption model properly reflects the electrokinetic potential of titania particles in alc. solns. of oxalic and phosphoric acid. AN 2010:1322268 CAN 154:35551 CAPLUS TI The pH-dependent surface charging and points of zero charge AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Department of Electrochemistry Lublin University of Technology Lublin, Pol. PL-20618 SO Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Volume Date 2011 Volume 353 Issue 1 Pages 1-15 2010 CODEN: PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal; General Review LA English AB A review. The points of zero charge (PZC) and isoelec. points (IEP) from the recent literature are discussed. This study is an update of the previous compilation [M. Kosmulski, Surface Charging and Points of Zero Charge, CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2009] and of its previous update [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 337(2009) 439]. In several recent publications, the terms PZC/IEP were used outside their usual meaning. Only the PZC/IEP obtained according to the methods recommended by the present author are reported and the other results are ignored. PZC/IEP of albite, sepiolite, and sericite, which were not studied before, became available over the past 2 years. AN 2010:1457342 CAN 155:106500 CAPLUS TI Interaction Between Surface Active Solutes and Surfaces of Metal Oxides in Polar Organic Solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Rosenholm, Jarl. B. CS Department of Physical Chemistry Aabo Akademi University Aabo, Finland SO Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology Volume 31 Issue 12 Pages 1704-1707 2010 CODEN: JDTEDS ISSN: 0193-2691 PB Taylor & Francis, Inc. DT Journal LA English AB Ionic surfactants are efficient as charge-controlling agents in very polar and in completely non-polar solvents. On the other hand in polar org. solvents of dielec. consts. of about 25, the effect of ionic surfactants on the ζ potential is often insignificant. Weak acids can be used to control the ζ potential of TiO2 in solvents, in which ionic surfactants are not efficient. Phosphoric acid alone and combined with bases is useful as charge-controlling agent in aliph. alcs. and in DMSO. AN 2010:1557452 CAN 154:16665 CAPLUS TI Ceramics-ionic liquid composite material and method for manufacture thereof AU Kosmulski, Marek; Saneluta, Czeslaw; Marczewska-Boczkowska, Krystyna; Kurzydlowski, Krzysztof; Konopka, Katarzyna; Ozieblo, Artur; Szafran, Mikolaj; Lipiec, Wojciech CS SO Pol. 6pp.Jan 30, 2009 PL 200506 B1 2009 CODEN: POXXA7 CODEN: PB DT Patent LA Polish AB A ceramics-ionic liq. composite intended for the operation at both low and high temps., pressures, and mech. loads comprises a continuous phase constituting a porous ceramic material with the 0.001-95% open porosity and 0.001-5000 μm open pore size and a filler phase constituting an ionic liq. or a mixt. of ionic liqs., wherein the open pores in the ceramic material are 5-100% filled with said ionic liq. by the flow technique. AN 2011:121588 CAN 154:345128 CAPLUS TI Simple model of surface-induced electrolytic dissociation of weak acids in organic solvents. [Erratum to document cited in CA154:218470] AU Kosmulski, Marek CS Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Graduate School of Materials Research at Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Aabo Akademi University Aabo, Finland SO Adsorption Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 285-286 2011 CODEN: ADSOFO ISSN: 0929-5607 PB Springer DT Journal; Online Computer File LA English AB In Figures 1-3 (pages 346-347), the description of the x-axes were incorrectly given; the correct version of the figures are given. AN 2011:184708 CAPLUS TI Preface AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B.; Linden, Mika CS Department of Physical Chemistry Abo Akademi University Turku, Finland 20500 SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Volume 376 Issue 1-3 Pages 1 2011 CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal; Miscellaneous LA English AB AN 2011:184716 CAN 154:345139 CAPLUS TI Surface-induced electrolytic dissociation of oxalic and phosphoric acid in mixed alcohol-water solvents AU Dahlsten, Per; Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Graduate School of Materials Research at Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Volume 376 Issue 1-3 Pages 42-46 2011 CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The elec. conductance of solns. of oxalic acid, H3PO4, and H2SO4 (≤0.025 M) in ethanol, methanol, and mixed alc.-water solvents was studied in the presence and absence of TiO2 (1-10% by mass). TiO2 enhanced the conductance of solns. of oxalic and phosphoric acid in anhyd. alc. and in alc.-rich mixed solvents. In water-rich mixed solvents "normal" behavior was obsd., i.e., TiO2 depressed the conductance of electrolyte solns. The enhanced conductance is interpreted in terms of surface-induced electrolytic dissocn. In nonaq. solvents, oxalic and phosphoric acid occur chiefly in mol. form, even in very dil. solns. TiO2 binds the hydrogen oxalate or dihydrogen phosphate anions (which originate from neutral acid mols.) and the protons remain in soln. in form of solvated cations. The lyonium cations have a substantially higher molar conductance than other ions due to the Grotthuss mechanism. This is why the enhancement of conductance is more substantial in solns. of weak acids than in solns. of other electrolytes. AN 2011:184722 CAPLUS TI Visco-coulombic characterization of aqueous and alcoholic titania suspensions AU Dahlsten, P.; Prochniak, P.; Kosmulski, M.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Graduate School of Materials Research at Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University,Finland SO Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects Volume 376 Issue 1-3 Pages 76-84 2011 CODEN: CPEAEH ISSN: 0927-7757 PB Elsevier B.V. DT Journal LA English AB The influence of oxalic acid and phosphoric acid on the charging of titania particles suspended in water, methanol and ethanol reported previously is related to the concn. dependent viscosity. The viscosity enhancement due to charge neutralization at the isoelec. concn. (concn. of charge reversal) is of particular interest. In order to evaluate their applicability to alc. suspensions, six models based on the classical DLVO-model for colloidal stability has been evaluated: two Schulze-Hardy models for detn. of crit. (coagulation) concn., Morris model for crit. stability ratio in low-dielec. media, as well as three models for detn. of yield shear stress. The results are discussed in terms of charge controlled aggregation and aggregate structure. The acid soly. and dissocn. as well as surface-induced reactions due to specific adsorption of solvated acid mols. are found to influence the charging and viscosity of anatase particles. AN 2011:469844 CAPLUS TI Electrokinetic Phenomena, ELKIN 2010. (International Conference held in Turku, Finland 6-10 June 2010). [In: Colloids Surf., A, 2011; 376(1-3)] AU Kosmulski, Marek; Rosenholm, Jarl B.; Linden, Mika; Editors CS Neth. SO 126 pp. CODEN: PB Elsevier B.V. Amsterdam, Neth. DT Book LA English AB AN 2011:809680 CAPLUS TI Surface charge and conductance in dispersions of titania in nonaqueous and mixed solvents AU Kosmulski, M.; Dahlsten, P.; Prochniak, P.; Rosenholm, J. B. CS Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Graduate School of Materials Research at Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland 20-500 SO Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science (2011), 138(Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XXIV), 55-59. CODEN: PCPSD7 ISSN: 0340-255X PB Springer GmbH DT Journal LA English AB The nature and speciation of ions, and their affinities to mineral surfaces are well-known for aq. solns., and less well-known for mixed water-org. and nonaq. solns. Weak acids show strong preferential adsorption of anions on titania, and support a high neg. surface charge on titania particles in org. solvents in spite of the very low degree of dissocn. of these acids. The interaction between solns. of weak acids in org. solvents and titania particles results in enhanced elec. conductance with respect to the original solns. (in the absence of titania). This phenomenon is explained in terms of surface-induced electrolytic dissocn. of weak acids. In mixed water-org. solvents the conductance behavior gradually shifts from water-like behavior (titania depresses the conductance) to opposite behavior (titania enhances the conductance). A quant. model was proposed to explain the complex effect of the electrolyte and titania concn. on the conductance of the dispersion and zeta potential of the particles. AN 2011:809700 CAN 155:101263 CAPLUS TI 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole as a corrosion inhibitor in low temperature ionic liquids AU Marczewska-Boczkowska, K.; Kosmulski, M. CS Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. 20-618 SO Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science (2011), 138(Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XXIV), 165-171. CODEN:PCPSD7 ISSN: 0340-255X PB Springer GmbH DT Journal LA English AB The corrosion of metals (copper, zinc, and plain carbon steel) in dialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates depends on the presence of traces of impurities in the ionic liqs. Water, chlorides, and esp. simultaneous presence of the both impurities enhances the pitting corrosion of metals. The products of corrosion contain the metal of interest as well as nitrogen, boron, chlorine, fluorine, carbon, and oxygen. The rate of corrosion of metals in both pure and water- and/or chloride-contg. tetrafluoroborates can be substantially reduced in the presence of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Tn 0.001 M 2-mercaptobenzothiazole the rate of corrosion drops by 70% at 25° and by 60 % at 200° with respect to the corrosion rate in absence of corrosion inhibitor. The other derivs. of azoles and thiazoles, which were successful as corrosion inhibitors in aq. media, can also be efficient in low temp. ionic liqs. AN 2011:887566 CAPLUS TI Impedance of steel electrode in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates AU Marczewska-Boczkowska, K.; Kosmulski, M. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO 85th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 19-22 (2011), COLLSYMP-197 CODEN: 69OHBR PB American Chemical Society Washington, D. C DT Conference; Meeting Abstract LA English AB Electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to study adsorption from soln. on metallic substrates and corrosion mechanism. In this present study the interaction between plain steel (S235JRG2, according to Polish std. PN-EN 10025-2:2005) and low temp. ionic liqs. was studied by means of EIS. A series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborates where alkyl=butyl, hexyl or octyl was selected as representative ionic liqs. In addn. to pure ionic liqs., the samples contaminated with water and/or chlorides were studied. Water and chlorides are typical impurities in com. ionic liqs. The corrosion rate decreases with the length of substituent in the imidazolium ring, and increases with the temp. (range 25-50°C). The presence of impurities enhances the adsorption rate, and water and chlorides present simultaneously have a synergic effect. The enhanced corrosion rate in the presence of water and/or chlorides is due to low resistivity of the layer of corrosion products as compared with the layers formed in pure ionic liqs. The elementary compn. of the corrosion products is also affected by the impurities, but in all studies samples the corrosion products contain oxygen, and all constituents of the ionic liqs. AN 2011:887688 CAPLUS TI Unusual behavior of acids in dispersions of metal oxides in nonaqueous solvents AU Kosmulski, Marek; Prochniak, Piotr; Maczka, Edward; Rosenholm, Jarl B. CS Department of Electrochemistry, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Pol. SO 85th ACS Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 19-22 (2011), COLLSYMP-319 CODEN: 69OHBR PB American Chemical Society Washington, D. C DT Conference; Meeting Abstract LA English AB Acids, which are weak in water are even weaker in org. solvents, and they dissolve chiefly in mol. form. The high affinity of anions to the surfaces of metal oxides (titania, alumina, hematite) induces neg. electrokinetic potential of the metal oxides. The elec. conductance of the dispersions of metal oxides in solns. of weak acids in org. solvents is much higher than the conductance of dispersions in the solvent (without acid) or of acid solns. (without oxide particles). A semi-quant. model of this phenomenon was proposed.

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